Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Phase Changes01:19

Phase Changes

Phase transitions play an important theoretical and practical role in the study of heat flow. In melting or fusion, a solid turns into a liquid; the opposite process is freezing. In evaporation, a liquid turns into a gas; the opposite process is condensation.
A substance melts or freezes at a temperature called its melting point and boils or condenses at its boiling point. These temperatures depend on pressure. High pressure favors the denser form of the substance, so typically, high pressure...
Propagation of Action Potentials01:23

Propagation of Action Potentials

The propagation of an action potential refers to the process by which a nerve impulse, or "action potential," travels along a neuron.
Neurons (nerve cells) have a resting membrane potential, with a slightly negative charge inside compared to outside. This is maintained by ion channels, such as sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) channels, which control the flow of ions. When a stimulus, like a touch or a signal from another neuron, triggers the neuron, sodium channels open, allowing sodium ions to...
Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to occupy...
Phase Transitions01:21

Phase Transitions

A phase transition is the process in which a substance changes from one state of matter to another, like from a solid to a liquid, liquid to gas, or vice versa, at a specific temperature and under given pressure conditions. This change is spontaneous and is affected by alterations in temperature and pressure. These parameters impact the strength of the forces between molecules (intermolecular forces) in the substance.During a phase transition, both the initial and final phases of the substance...
Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lag Control01:21

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lag Control

Phase-lag controllers are widely used in control systems to improve stability and reduce steady-state errors. A dimmer switch controlling the brightness of a light bulb serves as a practical example of phase-lag control, gradually adjusting the bulb's brightness. Mathematically, phase-lag control or low-pass filtering is represented when the factor 'a' is less than 1.
Phase-lag controllers do not place a pole at zero, but instead influence the steady-state error by amplifying any finite,...
Gyroscope: Precession01:24

Gyroscope: Precession

Precession can be demonstrated effectively through a spinning top. If a spinning top is placed on a flat surface near the surface of the Earth at a vertical angle and is not spinning, it will fall over due to the force of gravity producing a torque acting on its center of mass. However, if the top is spinning on its axis, it precesses about the vertical direction, rather than topple over due to this torque. Precessional motion is a combination of a steady circular motion of the axis and the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Diversity and sensorimotor specialization of head direction cells in the mouse thalamus.

Current biology : CB·2026
Same author

Distinct brain regions map olfactory and visual spaces.

Neuron·2026
Same author

rTCT: Rodent Triangle Completion Task to Facilitate Reverse Translational Study of Path Integration.

Hippocampus·2026
Same author

The neurovascular impulse response function differentially reflects intrinsic neuromodulation across cortical regions.

Nature neuroscience·2026
Same author

Scientific Histories of Hippocampal Research: Introduction to the Special Issue Part 2.

Hippocampus·2026
Same author

A feature-based generalizable prediction model for both perceptual and abstract reasoning.

Cognitive neuroscience·2025
Same journal

Training in the Categorization of Aerial and Terrestrial Scenes Differentially Impacts Scene-Selective and Nonscene-Selective Regions in Occipitotemporal Cortex.

The European journal of neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Superficial Ventral Premotor Pathways to Primary Motor Cortex Shape the Temporal Coordination of Precision Grasping.

The European journal of neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Quantifying the Influence of Lexical Surprisal on Acoustic Speech Encoding While Controlling for Within-Speaker Variability.

The European journal of neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Profiles of Women in Science: Seung-Hee Lee, Associate Professor at the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology and Associate Director of the Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.

The European journal of neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Impact of Voluntary Alcohol Consumption on Corticostriatal Plasticity in Rats.

The European journal of neuroscience·2026
Same journal

The Relevance of a Philosophical Toolkit to Advance Neuroscience.

The European journal of neuroscience·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator
08:39

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator

Published on: January 28, 2019

Phase coding by grid cells in unconstrained environments: two-dimensional phase precession.

Jason R Climer1, Ehren L Newman, Michael E Hasselmo

  • 1Center for Memory and Brain, Graduate Program for Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA. jrclimer@bu.edu

The European Journal of Neuroscience
|May 31, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neural firing timing, specifically theta phase precession in the entorhinal-hippocampal circuit, is key for spatial representation. New methods reveal robust, omnidirectional phase precession in grid cells, challenging some existing models.

Keywords:
medial entorhinal cortexoscillatory interferenceratspatial navigationtheta

More Related Videos

External Excitation of Neurons Using Electric and Magnetic Fields in One- and Two-dimensional Cultures
08:32

External Excitation of Neurons Using Electric and Magnetic Fields in One- and Two-dimensional Cultures

Published on: May 7, 2017

Electric Field-controlled Directed Migration of Neural Progenitor Cells in 2D and 3D Environments
11:15

Electric Field-controlled Directed Migration of Neural Progenitor Cells in 2D and 3D Environments

Published on: February 16, 2012

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 11, 2026

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator
08:39

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator

Published on: January 28, 2019

External Excitation of Neurons Using Electric and Magnetic Fields in One- and Two-dimensional Cultures
08:32

External Excitation of Neurons Using Electric and Magnetic Fields in One- and Two-dimensional Cultures

Published on: May 7, 2017

Electric Field-controlled Directed Migration of Neural Progenitor Cells in 2D and 3D Environments
11:15

Electric Field-controlled Directed Migration of Neural Progenitor Cells in 2D and 3D Environments

Published on: February 16, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Computational Neuroscience
  • Systems Neuroscience

Background:

  • Action potential timing is crucial for neural representation and spatial coding.
  • Theta phase precession in the entorhinal-hippocampal circuit links neural firing to animal position.
  • Understanding the regulation of spike timing in grid cells is essential for temporal coding models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the features of grid cell phase coding in open environments using novel analytical techniques.
  • To examine the robustness and directionality of phase precession in entorhinal grid cells.
  • To test predictions of existing temporal coding models regarding grid cell phase coding.

Main Methods:

  • Development of novel analytical techniques for mapping neural firing to behavior.
  • Recording and analysis of grid cell activity in rat entorhinal cortex during open-field exploration.
  • Examination of phase precession in relation to animal position and firing field characteristics.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated robust, omnidirectional phase precession by entorhinal grid cells in open-field environments.
  • Showed that full phase precession persists irrespective of proximity to the firing field center.
  • Observed phase coding in many conjunctive grid cells and found bursting in layer II grid cells contributes to phase precession bimodality.
  • Did not detect directional- or field-specific phase coding predicted by some models.

Conclusions:

  • Grid cell phase coding is robust and omnidirectional, providing insights into spatial representation.
  • Findings challenge certain aspects of existing temporal coding models and suggest bursting influences phase precession.
  • The developed analytical techniques are valuable for studying behavior-aligned neural spiking in various research domains.