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Related Concept Videos

Infection01:20

Infection

When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures01:22

Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures

Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...
Standard Precaution01:26

Standard Precaution

Standard precautions are the minimum infection control safeguards used while caring for all patients, irrespective of their disease condition. They help prevent the spread of common infectious microorganisms to healthcare workers, patients, and visitors in all healthcare settings.
Hand hygiene is the most crucial means to prevent the transmission of disease. Employers are legally required to provide their workers with personal protective equipment (PPE) to minimize exposure or contact with...
Transmission-based Precautions I: Contact, Enteric, and Droplets01:17

Transmission-based Precautions I: Contact, Enteric, and Droplets

Transmission-based precautions are for patients known to be infected or suspected to be infected or colonized with organisms that pose a significant risk to others. Some transmission-based precautions include contact, enteric, and droplet.
Contact Precautions:
Contact precautions are the measures taken to prevent the transmission of infectious agents, especially epidemiologically important microorganisms such as MRSA or influenza, primarily transmitted through direct or indirect contact with an...
Viral Recombination00:57

Viral Recombination

Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin create...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

An In vitro Co-infection Model to Study Plasmodium falciparum-HIV-1 Interactions in Human Primary Monocyte-derived Immune Cells
07:39

An In vitro Co-infection Model to Study Plasmodium falciparum-HIV-1 Interactions in Human Primary Monocyte-derived Immune Cells

Published on: August 15, 2012

Slaving and release in co-infection control.

Laith Yakob1, Gail M Williams, Darren J Gray

  • 1Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia. laith.yakob@uq.edu.au

Parasites & Vectors
|June 1, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Controlling multiple parasite infections requires tailored strategies considering drug resistance and species interactions. Targeting co-circulating parasites can help control drug-resistant species.

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Mass Isolation and In Vitro Cultivation of Intramolluscan Stages of the Human Blood Fluke Schistosoma Mansoni

Published on: January 14, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Parasitology
  • Epidemiology
  • Mathematical Modeling

Background:

  • Co-infection with multiple parasite species is common in animals and humans.
  • Parasite interactions can significantly influence infection dynamics and disease burden.
  • Understanding these interactions is crucial for effective control strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore optimal control strategies for multi-parasite infections.
  • To investigate the impact of species-specific drug sensitivity on control outcomes.
  • To model the effects of chemotherapy and sanitation improvements on parasite communities.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a fully mechanistic model for macroparasite co-infection.
  • Simulation of various control scenarios using the epidemiological model.
  • Analysis of interactions between gastro-intestinal nematodes.

Main Results:

  • Control strategies can inadvertently increase co-infection rates and disease burden by releasing resistant parasites.
  • Antagonistic interactions can be disrupted by control measures, favoring more resistant species.
  • Synergistic interactions create opportunities to control drug-resistant parasites by targeting co-circulating species.

Conclusions:

  • Integrated mass intervention programs must account for multi-species parasite interactions.
  • Species-level knowledge of drug sensitivity is essential for tailoring control strategies.
  • Understanding parasite community dynamics is vital for managing drug resistance and disease.