Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...
Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction01:29

Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction

Alzheimer disease is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in older adults. It leads to gradual neuronal loss, causing cognitive decline, behavioral changes, and loss of functional independence.Risk Factors and EtiologyThe disease is multifactorial. Age is the strongest risk factor, with prevalence doubling every 5 years after age 65. Genetic factors include mutations in genes such as APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2, which are associated...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Reconceptualizing integrated people-centred health services: Towards a mechanism-sensitive model using realist evaluation.

Social science & medicine (1982)·2026
Same author

From face-to-face to e-learning: transitioning to new training models to strengthen the health system by supporting primary healthcare workers in low- and middle-income countries.

BMJ global health·2026
Same author

Scaling up an integrated primary mental health screening programme in South Africa through co-development and continuous quality improvement.

BMC primary care·2026
Same author

Sociodemographic and health-related factors associated with viral load non-suppression and body mass index in adults with depression symptoms receiving antiretroviral therapy in South Africa.

PloS one·2026
Same author

Global mental health and psychosocial support programming: An expert review of major implementation and funding challenges.

Global mental health (Cambridge, England)·2025
Same author

Optimizing the role and functions of CHWs in service of a people-centred community health system in sub-Saharan Africa. A realist synthesis.

SSM - health systems·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

A Versatile, Behavioral Method to Investigate Thyroid Hormone Effects on Cerebellar Function
04:05

A Versatile, Behavioral Method to Investigate Thyroid Hormone Effects on Cerebellar Function

Published on: October 6, 2023

Is previous hyperthyroidism associated with long-term cognitive dysfunction? A twin study.

Mads Lillevang-Johansen1, Inge Petersen, Kaare Christensen

  • 1Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.

Clinical Endocrinology
|June 1, 2013
PubMed
Summary

This study found no significant long-term cognitive dysfunction in individuals with a history of hyperthyroidism. Using discordant twin pairs minimized confounding factors, suggesting thyroid health doesn't impair cognitive function.

More Related Videos

Abbiategrasso Brain Bank Protocol for Collecting, Processing and Characterizing Aging Brains
12:28

Abbiategrasso Brain Bank Protocol for Collecting, Processing and Characterizing Aging Brains

Published on: June 3, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 11, 2026

A Versatile, Behavioral Method to Investigate Thyroid Hormone Effects on Cerebellar Function
04:05

A Versatile, Behavioral Method to Investigate Thyroid Hormone Effects on Cerebellar Function

Published on: October 6, 2023

Abbiategrasso Brain Bank Protocol for Collecting, Processing and Characterizing Aging Brains
12:28

Abbiategrasso Brain Bank Protocol for Collecting, Processing and Characterizing Aging Brains

Published on: June 3, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Neuroscience
  • Twin Studies

Background:

  • Hyperthyroidism is a condition of excess thyroid hormones.
  • Previous studies suggested a link between hyperthyroidism and cognitive impairment.
  • Genetic and environmental factors may confound this association.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the long-term impact of hyperthyroidism on cognitive function.
  • To minimize confounding by genetic and early environmental factors using discordant twin pairs.

Main Methods:

  • A twin case-control study design was employed.
  • Discordant twin pairs were identified using Danish national registries.
  • Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and other cognitive tests.

Main Results:

  • Fifty-five discordant twin pairs were included in the study.
  • Hyperthyroid twins performed significantly better on the MMSE compared to their healthy co-twins.
  • A similar trend, though not statistically significant, was observed in other cognitive tests.

Conclusions:

  • This study found no clinically relevant negative impact of previous hyperthyroidism on long-term cognitive function.
  • The use of discordant twins effectively controlled for shared genetic and environmental influences.
  • Results challenge the notion that hyperthyroidism causes lasting cognitive deficits.