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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Cell Death01:30

Overview of Cell Death

Cell death is an essential process where the body gets rid of old or damaged cells. Cell proliferation and death need to be balanced, as an imbalance between the two may lead to cancer or autoimmune diseases.
Cell death was observed in the early 19th century, but there was no experimental evidence to prove it. In 1842, Carl Vogt first discovered cell death in a metamorphic toad; however, it was not termed ‘cell death.’ Scientists discovered different cell death pathways only in the 20th century...
Cellular Injury IlI: Cellular Death01:11

Cellular Injury IlI: Cellular Death

Cell death is the irreversible loss of cellular structure and function, representing the final stage of severe injury. It plays a key role in both normal physiology and disease.Types of Cell DeathThe two main types are necrosis and apoptosis, though others like necroptosis and pyroptosis also exist.Necrosis:Necrosis is an unregulated form of cell death caused by severe injury such as trauma, toxins, or ischemia. It is characterized by cell swelling, membrane loss, rupture, and leakage of...
The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:17

The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated when extracellular death-inducing signals, such as specific cytokines, activate the death receptors expressed on the cell surface. The immune cells involved in this pathway are natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. NK cells are critical in innate immune response, while cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are associated with adaptive immune response. These cells recognize specific receptors expressed on the altered cells and activate...
Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and pro-apoptotic...
Apoptosis01:30

Apoptosis

Apoptosis is a combination of two Greek words, 'apo' and 'ptosis,' meaning separation and falling off, respectively. Hippocrates used this word to describe gangrene, which was caused due to bandaging of fractured bones. Apoptosis was distinguished from necrosis in 1970 when John Kerr reported observations of morphological changes occurring during apoptosis. During one experiment, he observed that the disruption of blood supply to the liver tissue resulted in a size reduction of the tissue.
Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy01:22

Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy

Cells respond to damage and stress through highly coordinated processes that decide whether they survive or undergo controlled self-destruction. Two major pathways involved in this regulation are apoptosis, a type of programmed cell death, and autophagy, a survival mechanism that helps cells adapt to adverse conditions.ApoptosisApoptosis removes aged or injured cells to maintain tissue balance. During this process, the cell shrinks, chromatin condenses and fragments, and membrane-bound...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Comparable Decellularization of Fetal and Adult Cardiac Tissue Explants as 3D-like Platforms for In Vitro Studies
08:10

Comparable Decellularization of Fetal and Adult Cardiac Tissue Explants as 3D-like Platforms for In Vitro Studies

Published on: March 21, 2019

Tissue decellularization by activation of programmed cell death.

Paul E Bourgine1, Benjamin E Pippenger, Atanas Todorov

  • 1Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.

Biomaterials
|June 1, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces programmed cell death to improve decellularized tissue scaffolds for regenerative medicine. This method preserves the extracellular matrix (ECM) integrity, enhancing tissue repair potential.

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Two Methods for Decellularization of Plant Tissues for Tissue Engineering Applications
05:20

Two Methods for Decellularization of Plant Tissues for Tissue Engineering Applications

Published on: May 31, 2018

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Last Updated: May 11, 2026

Comparable Decellularization of Fetal and Adult Cardiac Tissue Explants as 3D-like Platforms for In Vitro Studies
08:10

Comparable Decellularization of Fetal and Adult Cardiac Tissue Explants as 3D-like Platforms for In Vitro Studies

Published on: March 21, 2019

Two Methods for Decellularization of Plant Tissues for Tissue Engineering Applications
05:20

Two Methods for Decellularization of Plant Tissues for Tissue Engineering Applications

Published on: May 31, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Decellularized tissues are promising scaffolds for regenerative medicine due to their potential for off-the-shelf application without immune matching.
  • Current decellularization methods often damage the extracellular matrix (ECM), compromising its structural, biochemical, and biomechanical properties.
  • Preserving ECM integrity is crucial for effective regenerative therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel method for decellularizing tissues that preserves the native extracellular matrix (ECM) integrity.
  • To selectively remove cellular components while maintaining the ECM's instructive cues for regeneration.
  • To create improved biomaterials for tissue and organ repair.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing programmed cell death (apoptosis) to selectively eliminate cellular components within the tissue.
  • Employing an immortalized cell line engineered for inducible apoptosis in engineered tissues.
  • Integrating a perfusion bioreactor system for efficient removal of cellular debris.
  • Combining these techniques to create engineered decellularized ECM with tailored regenerative signals.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated a method to preserve the structural, biochemical, and biomechanical integrity of the ECM during decellularization.
  • Showcased the potential for creating advanced biomaterials from engineered decellularized ECM.
  • Highlighted the ability to incorporate customized signals to activate endogenous regenerative processes.

Conclusions:

  • Programmed cell death offers a superior alternative to conventional decellularization protocols for preserving ECM integrity.
  • This approach facilitates the development of more effective regenerative medicine scaffolds and implants.
  • The combination of inducible apoptosis and perfusion systems streamlines the creation of advanced, instructive ECM-based biomaterials.