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Related Concept Videos

The Early Endosome: Endocytosis of Transferrin01:28

The Early Endosome: Endocytosis of Transferrin

Essential proteins such as insulin or low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and micronutrients such as iron enter a eukaryotic cell through receptor-mediated endocytosis. Subsequently, the early endosomes fuse with the vesicles containing such receptor-ligand complexes and play a vital role in sorting the incoming ligands and receptors. While the ligands are either degraded inside the vesicle or released into the cytosol, their receptors are returned to the plasma membrane for further rounds of...
Recycling Endosomes and Transcytosis00:58

Recycling Endosomes and Transcytosis

The recycling endosome, also known as the endosomal recycling compartment (ERC), is a part of the slow-recycling process of the endocytic pathway. Molecules internalized through receptor-mediated endocytosis are either degraded in the lysosomes or are recycled to the plasma membrane through the fast- or slow-recycling route.
The recycling endosome is not a single organelle but an extensively tubulated network of recycling pathways. It functions in storing molecules or transporting them across...
Export of Misfolded Proteins out of the ER01:32

Export of Misfolded Proteins out of the ER

After folding, the ER assesses the quality of secretory and membrane proteins. The correctly folded proteins are cleared by the calnexin cycle for transport to their final destination, while misfolded proteins are held back in the ER lumen. The ER chaperones attempt to unfold and refold the misfolded proteins but sometimes fail to achieve the correct native conformation. Such terminally misfolded proteins are then exported to the cytosol by ER-associated degradation or ERAD pathway for...
ER Retrieval Pathway01:45

ER Retrieval Pathway

In the secretory pathway, vesicles transport proteins from one cellular compartment to another in forward transport to deliver the protein to its correct location. Occasionally, misfolded proteins and incorrect proteins escape their original compartments, and a retrieval pathway is used to return the escaped proteins to their original compartment.
The ER uses many checkpoints to prevent the entry of incorrectly folded or a resident protein as cargo onto a transport vesicle. These mechanisms...
Maturation of Endosomes01:28

Maturation of Endosomes

The early endosome containing internalized molecules matures through transformations in its location, morphology, intraluminal pH, and membrane protein composition. Together, these changes result in a more acidic late endosome that contains multiple intraluminal vesicles; therefore, the late endosome is also called a multivesicular body (MVB).
Changes in location
The maturing endosome moves along microtubules from the periphery of the cell towards the perinuclear region. This movement of the...
Mitochondrial Protein Sorting01:39

Mitochondrial Protein Sorting

Mitochondria are double-membrane organelles of the eukaryotes involved in cellular metabolism, signaling, ATP synthesis, and programmed cell death.  Each of these processes requires specific proteins and enzymes that must be correctly sorted to the right mitochondrial subcompartment for the proper functioning of the organelle.
Most of these mitochondrial proteins are encoded by the nucleus and imported to the mitochondria as unfolded or loosely folded precursors. Mitochondrial precursors...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

The Microscopy-Based Assay to Study and Analyze the Recycling Endosomes using SNARE Trafficking
08:51

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Published on: February 12, 2022

Retromer-mediated endosomal protein sorting: all WASHed up!

Matthew N J Seaman1, Alexis Gautreau, Daniel D Billadeau

  • 1Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.

Trends in Cell Biology
|June 1, 2013
PubMed
Summary

The WASH complex and retromer protein work together at endosomes to sort proteins, a crucial process for cell function. This review details their coordinated roles in endosomal protein sorting.

Keywords:
Fam21WASH complexactinendosomeretromersorting

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Protein Trafficking

Background:

  • Endosomal protein sorting is essential for cellular functions.
  • Branched actin patches on endosomes aid protein sorting.
  • The WASH complex promotes actin polymerization, crucial for these patches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings on the roles of the WASH and retromer complexes in endosomal protein sorting.
  • To elucidate the interplay between WASH and retromer in regulating endosomal protein trafficking.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on endosomal protein sorting.
  • Analysis of the molecular mechanisms involving the WASH and retromer complexes.
  • Focus on actin dynamics and protein recruitment at endosomes.

Main Results:

  • The WASH complex is a key regulator of endosomal actin polymerization.
  • Retromer complex mediates the recruitment of the WASH complex to endosomes.
  • The coordinated action of WASH and retromer is vital for efficient protein sorting.

Conclusions:

  • The retromer-WASH axis is critical for endosomal protein sorting.
  • Understanding this pathway offers insights into cellular protein trafficking.
  • Further research can explore therapeutic targets related to this mechanism.