Malignancy risk models for oral lesions.

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Genetics
• Oral Pathology

Background:

• Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders (OPMD) carry a risk of malignant transformation.
• Understanding genotypic and phenotypic patterns is crucial for risk stratification.

Purpose of the Study:

• To assess risk habits, clinical and cellular phenotypes, and TP53 DNA changes in OPMD.
• To develop predictive models for malignant transformation risk in OPMD.

Main Methods:

• Collected clinical data, family history, and risk habits.
• Analyzed TP53 gene mutations and morphometric-cellular features.
• Applied multivariate models to three groups: oral cancer (OC), OPMD, and controls.

Main Results:

• 50% of patients with malignancy reported smoking and drinking.
• TP53 mutations were prevalent in OC (30%) and OPMD (20%), predominantly GC-TA transversions.
• Models incorporating alcohol, tobacco, and TP53 mutations showed highest diagnostic accuracy (p=0.0001).

Conclusions:

• Statistically reliable models were developed for assessing OPMD malignant transformation risk.
• Models integrating clinical and genetic data demonstrated high accuracy.
• Model 3, considering easily evaluated characteristics, is recommended for public health applications.