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Related Concept Videos

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System VI: Calcium -Scoring CT01:25

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System VI: Calcium -Scoring CT

Calcium-Scoring CT ScanA calcium-scoring CT scan, also known as coronary artery calcium (CAC) scan, detects calcium deposits in the coronary arteries. This test assesses the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), which can lead to cardiovascular events such as angina, heart failure, and sudden cardiac arrest.A calcium-scoring CT scan is generally recommended for individuals at intermediate risk of CAD without symptoms. It includes:Men aged 40-75 and women aged 50-75: Especially those with a...
Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
Atherosclerosis I: Introduction01:30

Atherosclerosis I: Introduction

Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder characterized by the buildup of plaques on the arterial inner wall, causing them to narrow and harden over time. These plaques comprise lipids, calcium, blood components, carbohydrates, and fibrous tissue. The process primarily affects the intima of large and medium-sized arteries, reducing blood flow in any artery.Etiology and risk factorsThe cause of atherosclerosis is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay among endothelial injury, lipid...
The Bone Matrix01:18

The Bone Matrix

Bone contains a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of collagen fibers that provide an adherent surface for inorganic salt crystals. Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. This can be observed by an experiment: when the minerals of a bone are dissolved by soaking the bone in acid or...
Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology01:26

Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) originates from a series of events that impair the function of coronary arteries, the blood vessels responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. The pathophysiology of CAD is closely linked to atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory and lipid-driven condition affecting the vascular endothelium.1. Endothelial DamageThe process begins with damage to the vascular endothelium, which serves as a protective barrier between the blood and the vessel...
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Venous Thrombosis I: Introduction

Venous thrombosis, the most common disorder of the veins, involves the formation of a thrombus or blood clot associated with vein inflammation. It can be classified as either superficial vein thrombosis or deep vein thrombosis.Superficial Vein Thrombosis: This involves the formation of a thrombus in a superficial vein, usually the greater or lesser saphenous vein. Though less severe than deep vein thrombosis (DVT), SVT can lead to complications if untreated.Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): This...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Calcification of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Imaging of Aortic Calcification and Inflammation
08:43

Calcification of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Imaging of Aortic Calcification and Inflammation

Published on: May 31, 2016

Vascular calcification.

Ziad A Massy1, Tilman B Drüeke

  • 1Unité 1088 de l'Inserm, UFR de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France. ziad.massy@apr.aphp.fr

Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension
|June 1, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New evidence reveals microRNAs and the FGF23/alpha-Klotho axis are key in cardiovascular calcification in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Novel biomarkers and therapies like vitamin K supplementation show promise for CKD patients.

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A Semi-Automated and Reproducible Biological-Based Method to Quantify Calcium Deposition In Vitro
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A Semi-Automated and Reproducible Biological-Based Method to Quantify Calcium Deposition In Vitro
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A Semi-Automated and Reproducible Biological-Based Method to Quantify Calcium Deposition In Vitro

Published on: June 2, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Nephrology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Cardiovascular calcification is a significant concern in chronic kidney disease (CKD).
  • Understanding the molecular underpinnings is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review new evidence on molecular mechanisms of cardiovascular calcification.
  • To discuss emerging biomarkers and therapeutic strategies for vascular calcification in CKD patients.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on cardiovascular calcification.
  • Analysis of molecular pathways, biomarkers, and therapeutic interventions.

Main Results:

  • MicroRNAs are implicated in osteo-chondrogenic transformation in vascular calcification.
  • Disturbances in the FGF23/alpha-Klotho axis are important in CKD-associated calcification.
  • Numerous circulating biomarkers for vascular calcification have been identified, but their roles require further elucidation.
  • Potential therapeutic strategies include modulating the calcium-sensing receptor and vitamin K supplementation.

Conclusions:

  • Improved understanding of molecular mechanisms aids detection and follow-up of cardiovascular calcification.
  • Novel therapeutic targets have been identified.
  • The clinical impact of these advancements on CKD patient outcomes requires further investigation.