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Association Between Sleep Quality and Cognitive Symptoms in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder

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Evaluating sleep and cognition in HIV.

Charlene E Gamaldo¹, Alyssa Gamaldo, Jason Creighton

¹*Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; †Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD; ‡Departments of Pathology, Epidemiology, and Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and §Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.

Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes (1999)

|June 1, 2013

Summary

Poor sleep quality and duration significantly impact cognitive function in people living with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus). These sleep metrics may serve as biomarkers for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Infectious Diseases
Sleep Medicine

Background:

HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) is a growing concern in individuals on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART).
Sleep disturbances are common in the HIV-positive population but their impact on cognition requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the association between sleep quality/patterns and cognitive performance in HIV-positive individuals on stable cART.

Main Methods:

A cohort of 36 HIV-positive individuals underwent polysomnography, 2-week actigraphy, sleep questionnaires, and a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery.
Cognitive function was assessed using standardized tests evaluating attention, executive function, and psychomotor speed.

Main Results:

The majority (75%) of participants exhibited cognitive impairment.
Poor sleep quality, indicated by validated questionnaires, was prevalent.
Better sleep indices from polysomnography correlated with superior cognitive performance, particularly in attention, executive function, and motor speed.
Chronic partial sleep deprivation was linked to significantly worse performance on specific cognitive tests.

Conclusions:

Compromised sleep quality and duration negatively affect cognitive function in HIV-positive individuals.
Sleep indices may hold potential as predictive biomarkers for the development and progression of HAND.