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Related Concept Videos

Pulse Oximetry01:24

Pulse Oximetry

Pulse oximetry, or SpO2, is a non-invasive method for continuously monitoring arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2). This procedure involves attaching a probe or sensor to the patient's fingertip, forehead, earlobe, or nose bridge. The sensor works by detecting changes in oxygen saturation levels through light signals generated by the oximeter and reflected by the pulsing blood under the probe.
Purpose
Average SpO2 values are greater than 95%. If the readings fall below 90%, it indicates that...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Multimodal Volumetric Retinal Imaging by Oblique Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy (oSLO) and Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)
12:22

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Published on: August 4, 2018

Visible-light optical coherence tomography for retinal oximetry.

Ji Yi1, Qing Wei, Wenzhong Liu

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA.

Optics Letters
|June 1, 2013
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces visible-light spectroscopic optical coherence tomography (vis-OCT) for measuring oxygen levels in retinal blood vessels. The new method accurately determined hemoglobin oxygen saturation (sO(2)) in both arterial and venous blood.

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Last Updated: May 11, 2026

Multimodal Volumetric Retinal Imaging by Oblique Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy (oSLO) and Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)
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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Biomedical Optics
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Retinal oximetry is crucial for diagnosing eye diseases.
  • Current methods for measuring oxygen saturation in retinal vessels have limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel in vivo method for retinal oximetry using visible-light spectroscopic optical coherence tomography (vis-OCT).
  • To accurately quantify hemoglobin oxygen saturation (sO(2)) in individual retinal vessels.

Main Methods:

  • Applied vis-OCT for in vivo retinal imaging.
  • Developed a comprehensive analytical model accounting for optical absorption, scattering, and blood cell packing factor.
  • Fitted vis-OCT signals from vessel bottoms to extract sO(2).

Main Results:

  • Successfully measured in vivo retinal hemoglobin oxygen saturation (sO(2)).
  • Averaged sO(2) in arterial blood was 95%.
  • Averaged sO(2) in venous blood was 72%.

Conclusions:

  • Vis-OCT is a viable tool for in vivo retinal oximetry.
  • The developed analytical model enables accurate sO(2) quantification in retinal vessels.
  • This technique holds potential for clinical diagnosis and monitoring of retinal vascular diseases.