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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
Crown Ethers02:36

Crown Ethers

Crown ethers are cyclic polyethers that contain multiple oxygen atoms, usually arranged in a regular pattern. The first crown ether was synthesized by Charles Pederson while working at DuPont in 1967. For this work, Pedersen was co-awarded the 1987 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Crown ethers are named using the formula x-crown-y, where x is the total number of atoms in the ring and y is the number of ether oxygen atoms. The term 'crown' refers to the crown-like shape that these ether molecules take.
Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability. Many...
Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or basic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Molten-Salt Synthesis of Complex Metal Oxide Nanoparticles
08:43

Molten-Salt Synthesis of Complex Metal Oxide Nanoparticles

Published on: October 27, 2018

A layered polymorph of rare earth hydroxides.

Byung-Ii Lee1, Heejin Jeong, Jung-soo Bae

  • 1Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Applied Science, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi 446-701, Korea.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)
|June 1, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed rare earth hydroxides with a layered structure. These materials undergo a phase transition to a hexagonal form when heated to around 300 °C.

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Solid-State Chemistry

Background:

  • Rare earth hydroxides are crucial inorganic compounds with diverse applications.
  • Understanding their structural properties and phase transitions is key to material design.
  • Previous research has explored various rare earth compounds, but layered polymorphs require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize a series of layered polymorphs of rare earth hydroxides.
  • To investigate the structural transformation of these layered polymorphs upon heating.
  • To determine the temperature at which a phase transition occurs.

Main Methods:

  • Conversion of RE2(OH)5Cl·mH2O to RE(OH)3·nH2O (RE = rare earths).
  • Characterization of the resulting layered polymorphs using techniques like X-ray diffraction (XRD).

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Bulk and Thin Film Synthesis of Compositionally Variant Entropy-stabilized Oxides
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Bulk and Thin Film Synthesis of Compositionally Variant Entropy-stabilized Oxides

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  • Thermal analysis (e.g., Differential Scanning Calorimetry/Thermogravimetric Analysis - DSC/TGA) to study phase transitions.

    • Main Results:

    • A series of rare earth hydroxides with a layered structure, featuring interlayer water molecules, was successfully synthesized.
    • The synthesized compounds exhibit a typical layered polymorph structure.
    • A temperature-induced phase transition from the layered polymorph to its hexagonal form was observed and completed at approximately 300 °C.

    Conclusions:

    • Layered polymorphs of rare earth hydroxides can be effectively synthesized via a conversion process.
    • These materials possess a distinct layered structure that is sensitive to temperature changes.
    • The transition to a hexagonal phase at around 300 °C provides insights into the thermal stability and transformation pathways of rare earth hydroxides.