Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.

Vaccine Production

Vaccine Production

Vaccine production involves a sequence of upstream and downstream processes to generate a safe and effective immunological product. It begins with cultivating microorganisms, such as viruses or bacteria, to obtain antigenic material. For viral vaccines, mammalian host cells are grown in bioreactors and subsequently infected with the target virus. The virus replicates within the host cells, which are lysed to release viral particles. This lysate is then clarified through filtration or...

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...

Vaccines

Vaccines

Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the type of...

Preclinical Development: Overview

Preclinical Development: Overview

Preclinical development consists of a series of tests that ensure the safety and efficacy of a new therapeutic compound before it is tested in humans. There are four main phases to this process. First, safety pharmacology tests are conducted to ensure the drug does not produce any acutely harmful effects. These tests examine parameters such as bronchoconstriction, cardiac dysrhythmias, blood pressure changes, and ataxia. Next, preliminary toxicological testing is performed to determine the...

Vaccinations

Vaccinations

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Duration of Initial Viremia Modulates Functional Properties of HIV-specific T Cell Receptors.

Research square·2026

Same author

Duration of Initial Viremia Modulates Functional Properties of HIV-specific T Cell Receptors.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Same author

CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell stemness precedes post-intervention control of HIV viraemia.

Nature·2025

Same author

CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell recall cytotoxicity during chronic treated HIV-1 infection is associated with limited reservoir size and activity.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2025

Same author

Guidelines for T cell nomenclature.

Nature reviews. Immunology·2025

Same author

Bayesian estimation of HIV acquisition dates for prevention trials.

mBio·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Rapid In Vivo Assessment of Adjuvant's Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Generation Capabilities for Vaccine Development

Rapid In Vivo Assessment of Adjuvant's Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Generation Capabilities for Vaccine Development

Published on: June 19, 2018

Accelerating next-generation vaccine development for global disease prevention.

Wayne C Koff¹, Dennis R Burton, Philip R Johnson

¹International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI), New York, NY 10004, USA. wkoff@iavi.org

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|June 1, 2013

Summary

Developing vaccines for diseases like AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria requires new strategies. Understanding human immunology is key to creating effective vaccines against these challenging global health threats.

More Related Videos

Efficient Transfection of In vitro Transcribed mRNA in Cultured Cells Using Peptide-Poloxamine Nanoparticles

Efficient Transfection of In vitro Transcribed mRNA in Cultured Cells Using Peptide-Poloxamine Nanoparticles

Published on: August 17, 2022

Fabrication of Pulsatile Polymeric Microparticles Encapsulating Rabies Antigen

Fabrication of Pulsatile Polymeric Microparticles Encapsulating Rabies Antigen

Published on: May 12, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 11, 2026

Rapid In Vivo Assessment of Adjuvant's Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Generation Capabilities for Vaccine Development

Rapid In Vivo Assessment of Adjuvant's Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Generation Capabilities for Vaccine Development

Published on: June 19, 2018

Efficient Transfection of In vitro Transcribed mRNA in Cultured Cells Using Peptide-Poloxamine Nanoparticles

Efficient Transfection of In vitro Transcribed mRNA in Cultured Cells Using Peptide-Poloxamine Nanoparticles

Published on: August 17, 2022

Fabrication of Pulsatile Polymeric Microparticles Encapsulating Rabies Antigen

Fabrication of Pulsatile Polymeric Microparticles Encapsulating Rabies Antigen

Published on: May 12, 2023

Area of Science:

Immunology
Vaccinology
Public Health

Background:

Vaccines are a cornerstone of public health, but traditional methods face challenges with complex diseases.
Major global diseases like AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria are difficult to target due to poorly understood protection mechanisms and pathogen variability.
Existing vaccine development strategies are insufficient for these complex pathogens.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent advances in vaccine discovery.
To highlight the need for improved understanding of human vaccinology.
To propose new research initiatives for effective vaccine development.

Main Methods:

Review of recent scientific literature on vaccine discovery and human immunology.
Analysis of challenges in developing vaccines for AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria.
Discussion of the importance of human immunology-based clinical research.

Main Results:

Recent scientific advances offer new avenues for vaccine discovery.
A significant gap exists in understanding key vaccinology principles in humans.
Current approaches are inadequate for developing vaccines against pathogens with undefined correlates of protection and high variability.

Conclusions:

Accelerating vaccine development for major global diseases necessitates a shift in strategy.
New human immunology-focused clinical research initiatives are crucial.
Elucidating and enhancing vaccine-induced protective immune responses in humans is paramount for future success.