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Related Concept Videos

Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...
Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification01:26

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum sickness, a systemic...
Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...
Asthma-III: Symptoms and Complications01:24

Asthma-III: Symptoms and Complications

Asthma, a common chronic respiratory condition, is classified considering the frequency and severity of symptoms alongside lung function impairment. Understanding this classification is essential for appropriate treatment and management. Here's a detailed look at the classification of asthma and its clinical features and complications:
Classification of Asthma

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Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis
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Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis

Published on: May 31, 2021

Classification of urticaria.

Torsten Zuberbier1

  • 1Allergie -Centrum -Charite, Charite University, Berlin, Germany.

Indian Journal of Dermatology
|June 1, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Urticaria classification follows established guidelines based on clinical signs, differentiating between superficial urticaria and deep swelling (angioedema). This distinction relates to the degree of mast cell degranulation.

Keywords:
AngioedemaPhysical urticariaSpontaneous urticaria

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Published on: October 12, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Allergy and Immunology
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Urticaria and angioedema are common mast cell-mediated conditions.
  • Current classification relies on clinical presentation and etiology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the classification of urticaria based on established guidelines.
  • To differentiate between urticaria and angioedema based on mast cell degranulation levels.

Main Methods:

  • Classification adheres to the GA(2)LEN/EAACI/WAO/EDF guidelines from 2009.
  • Clinical manifestations are used to categorize urticarial conditions.

Main Results:

  • Urticaria is classified according to clinical signs.
  • Superficial swelling indicates urticaria, while deep swelling signifies angioedema.
  • The level of mast cell degranulation correlates with clinical signs.

Conclusions:

  • The GA(2)LEN/EAACI/WAO/EDF guidelines provide a framework for classifying urticaria.
  • Mast cell degranulation is the underlying mechanism differentiating urticaria and angioedema.