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Related Concept Videos

Structure and Nomenclature of Alcohols and Phenols02:23

Structure and Nomenclature of Alcohols and Phenols

Overview
Alcohols are one of the most important functional groups in organic chemistry. The name of alcohol comes from the hydrocarbon from which it is derived. Alcohols are organic molecules containing the functional hydroxyl or –OH group directly bonded to carbon. Phenols have an OH group directly attached to a benzene ring. While alcohols are colorless, phenol is a white crystalline compound with a characteristic "hospital smell" odor.
As with other organic compounds, alcohols and phenols...
Acidity and Basicity of Alcohols and Phenols02:36

Acidity and Basicity of Alcohols and Phenols

Like water, alcohols are weak acids and bases. This is attributed to the polarization of the O–H bond making the hydrogen partially positive. Moreover, the electron pairs on the oxygen atom of alcohol make it both basic and nucleophilic. Protonation of an alcohol converts hydroxide, a poor leaving group, into water—a good one. The two acid–base equilibria corresponding to ethanol are depicted below.
Physical Properties of Alcohols and Phenols02:32

Physical Properties of Alcohols and Phenols

Alcohols are organic compounds in which a hydroxy group is attached to a saturated carbon. Phenols are a class of alcohols containing a hydroxy group attached to an aromatic ring. The physical properties of the alcohols and phenols are influenced by hydrogen bonding due to the oxygen–hydrogen dipole in the hydroxy functional group and dispersion forces between alkyl or aryl regions of alcohol and phenol molecules.
Alcohols possess a higher boiling point than aliphatic hydrocarbons of similar...
Hydrolysis of Chlorobenzene to Phenol: Dow Process01:10

Hydrolysis of Chlorobenzene to Phenol: Dow Process

Simple aryl halides do not react with nucleophiles under normal conditions. However, the reaction can proceed under drastic conditions involving high temperatures and high pressure to give the substituted products. For example, chlorobenzene is converted to phenol using aqueous sodium hydroxide at 350 °C under high pressure by the Dow process. The reaction follows an elimination-addition mechanism involving a benzyne intermediate. Here, the chloride ion is eliminated to generate the benzyne...
Benzene to Phenol via Cumene: Hock Process01:27

Benzene to Phenol via Cumene: Hock Process

The synthesis of phenol from benzene via cumene and cumene hydroperoxide is called the Hock process. First, a Friedel–Crafts alkylation reaction of benzene with propene gives cumene. Then cumene forms cumene hydroperoxide via a radical chain reaction. In the chain initiation step, the benzylic hydrogen is abstracted to give a benzylic radical. In the chain propagation step, the benzylic radical reacts with an oxygen diradical to form a cumene hydroperoxide radical. The cumene hydroperoxide...
Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones01:17

Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones

In the presence of oxidizing agents, phenols are oxidized to quinones. Quinones can be easily reduced back to phenols using mild reducing agents. The electron-donating hydroxyl group enhances the reactivity of the aromatic ring, enabling oxidation of the ring even in the absence of an α hydrogen.
o-hydroxy phenols are oxidized to o-quinones and p-hydroxy phenols to p-quinones. Such redox reactions involve the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The reversible redox property is crucial in...

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Synthesis of Esters Via a Greener Steglich Esterification in Acetonitrile
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2-Phen-oxy-ethyl benzoate.

Mousa Al-Noaimi1, Ismail Warad, Salim F Haddad

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Hashemite University, Zarqa 13115, Jordan.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
|June 1, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study details the crystal structure of a C15H14O3 compound, revealing a significant dihedral angle between its benzene rings. Weak intermolecular interactions form chains, offering insights into molecular packing in organic crystals.

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Area of Science:

  • Crystallography
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Understanding molecular interactions is crucial for predicting material properties.
  • Crystal structure analysis provides fundamental insights into intermolecular forces.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the crystal structure and intermolecular interactions of a specific organic compound (C15H14O3).
  • To characterize the spatial arrangement and bonding of molecules in the solid state.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the molecular and crystal structure.
  • Analysis of intermolecular distances and angles characterized the weak interactions.

Main Results:

  • The dihedral angle between the benzene rings in the C15H14O3 molecule was determined to be 75.85(7)°.
  • Weak interactions involving ester and phenoxy oxygen atoms and benzene rings were identified.
  • These interactions lead to the formation of molecular chains along the [110] direction.

Conclusions:

  • The crystal packing of C15H14O3 is governed by specific weak intermolecular interactions.
  • The observed chain structures provide a basis for understanding the compound's solid-state properties.