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Related Concept Videos

ATP Driven Pumps III: V-type Pumps01:30

ATP Driven Pumps III: V-type Pumps

V-type pumps are ATP-driven pumps found in the vacuolar membranes of plants, yeast, endosomal and lysosomal membranes of animal cells, plasma membranes of a few specialized eukaryotic cells, and some prokaryotes. They are also known as the V1Vo-ATPase, that couple ATP hydrolysis to transport protons against a concentration gradient.
The peripheral or cytosolic V1 domain with eight subunits is involved in ATP hydrolysis. The integral or transmembrane V0 domain containing at least five subunits...
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The regulation of sodium and potassium ion concentrations in the human body is a complex process governed primarily by hormones such as aldosterone, antidiuretic hormone (ADH), and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP).
Sodium Regulation
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Blebs are a type of membrane protrusion formed by the internal hydrostatic pressure of the cytoplasm. Blebs are observed in several cell types, including fibroblasts, immune cells, and single-celled organisms like the amoeba. The primary function of blebs is cell locomotion and apoptosis, but they are also found during necrosis and cell division. The life cycle of a bleb comprises an initiation phase followed by the expansion and retraction phases.
Blebbing Through the Matrix
In multicellular...
Primary Active Transport01:29

Primary Active Transport

In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction they would not...
Primary Active Transport01:47

Primary Active Transport

In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps that are embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction they...
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Clathrin Coated Vesicles

Clathrin-coated vesicles use endocytosis to transport receptors and lysosomal hydrolases from the Golgi to the lysosome in the late secretory pathway. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis was the first described endocytic process, and Clathrin-coated vesicles remain one of the most well-studied transport vesicles. The molecular machinery that generates clathrin-coated vesicles comprises over 50 proteins that precisely coordinate vesicle formation. Cell surface receptors concentrated in indented sites...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Study of the Functions and Activities of Neuronal K-Cl Co-Transporter KCC2 Using Western Blotting
10:08

Study of the Functions and Activities of Neuronal K-Cl Co-Transporter KCC2 Using Western Blotting

Published on: December 9, 2022

Potassium-chloride cotransporter 3 interacts with Vav2 to synchronize the cell volume decrease response with cell

Adèle Salin-Cantegrel1, Masoud Shekarabi, Sarah Rasheed

  • 1Centre of Excellence in Neuroscience of University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.

Plos One
|June 1, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Loss-of-function of potassium-chloride cotransporter 3 (KCC3) causes neurodegeneration. KCC3 interacts with Vav2, linking ion transport to actin remodeling in cell migration and disease.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 10, 2026

Study of the Functions and Activities of Neuronal K-Cl Co-Transporter KCC2 Using Western Blotting
10:08

Study of the Functions and Activities of Neuronal K-Cl Co-Transporter KCC2 Using Western Blotting

Published on: December 9, 2022

Monitoring Leucine-Rich Repeat Containing 8 Channel (LRRC8/VRAC) Activity Using Sensitized-Emission Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (SE-FRET)
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Monitoring Leucine-Rich Repeat Containing 8 Channel (LRRC8/VRAC) Activity Using Sensitized-Emission Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (SE-FRET)

Published on: August 9, 2024

Voltage-Dependent Potassium Current Recording on H9c2 Cardiomyocytes via the Whole-Cell Patch-Clamp Technique
08:11

Voltage-Dependent Potassium Current Recording on H9c2 Cardiomyocytes via the Whole-Cell Patch-Clamp Technique

Published on: November 11, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Loss-of-function mutations in potassium-chloride cotransporter 3 (KCC3) cause hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy with agenesis of the corpus callosum (HMSN/ACC).
  • KCC3 overexpression correlates with increased malignancy and invasiveness in breast, ovarian, and cervical cancers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying KCC3 function in cell volume regulation and its role in cancer and neurological disorders.
  • To identify proteins interacting with KCC3 and elucidate their functional significance.

Main Methods:

  • Site-directed mutagenesis of a proline-rich C-terminal motif in KCC3.
  • Assessing KCC3-dependent regulatory volume decrease (RVD) in Xenopus laevis oocytes.
  • SH3 domain array screening to identify interacting proteins.
  • GST-pull down assays and co-immunoprecipitation to confirm KCC3-Vav2 interaction.
  • Immunofluorescence microscopy in cultured cervical cancer cells to determine subcellular localization of KCC3 and active Vav2.

Main Results:

  • A mutation in the KCC3 C-terminal proline-rich region abolished the KCC3-dependent RVD response.
  • SH3 domain array identified Vav2, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), as a KCC3-interacting protein.
  • KCC3 physically interacts with Vav2.
  • KCC3 and active Vav2 co-localize in actin-rich structures, including lamellipodia, during cell spreading and migration in cervical cancer cells.

Conclusions:

  • KCC3 interacts with the Rho GTPase-dependent actin remodeling machinery via Vav2.
  • This interaction is crucial for regulatory volume decrease, cell spreading, and cell protrusion dynamics.
  • These findings provide novel insights into KCC3's role in cancer cell malignancy and the pathogenesis of HMSN/ACC.