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Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

A blood clot, or thrombus, is a semi-solid mass composed of fibrin, platelets, and red blood cells. When it forms within a vessel, it can obstruct blood flow, known as thrombosis. If part of the clot detaches, it becomes an embolus that can travel and block distant vessels. When this occurs in the pulmonary arteries, it causes a condition known as pulmonary embolism (PE).Origin and ImpactMost often, the embolus originates from a thrombus in the deep veins of the lower limbs, a condition called...

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A pulmonary embolism occurs when a thrombus, amniotic fluid, tumor tissue, fat, or air embolus blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. Effective nursing management and patient education are crucial for improving outcomes and preventing recurrence.Nursing management starts with obtaining a comprehensive patient history, particularly noting any history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Assess for clinical manifestations, including dyspnea, chest pain, crackles, heart murmurs, and signs of right-sided...

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Diagnosing Pulmonary EmbolismDiagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) involves clinical assessment and advanced imaging tests. The preferred diagnostic tool is the spiral (helical) CT scan or CT angiography (CTA), which uses intravenous contrast media to visualize the pulmonary vasculature and identify emboli.A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan is an alternative for patients unable to receive contrast media. This scan includes both perfusion and ventilation scanning. Perfusion scanning involves...

Pneumothorax-I

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A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
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Updated: May 10, 2026

A Porcine Model of Acute Autologous Pulmonary Embolism

A Porcine Model of Acute Autologous Pulmonary Embolism

Published on: September 6, 2024

Pulmonary embolism.

Abigail K Tarbox¹, Mamta Swaroop

¹Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.

International Journal of Critical Illness and Injury Science

|June 1, 2013

Summary

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a significant cause of death, often presenting with varied symptoms. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for improving patient outcomes and reducing hospital stays.

Area of Science:

Pulmonary Medicine
Cardiovascular Medicine
Diagnostic Imaging

Background:

Pulmonary embolism (PE) causes substantial mortality in the US, with 100,000-200,000 deaths annually.
The varied clinical presentations of PE, ranging from asymptomatic to fatal, pose diagnostic challenges.
Effective management of PE requires prompt recognition and intervention to mitigate mortality and morbidity.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a comprehensive review of pulmonary embolism (PE).
To cover essential aspects including risk factors, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, and treatment strategies for PE.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature and clinical guidelines on pulmonary embolism.
Synthesis of information on diagnostic tools such as clinical scoring systems, laboratory data, and imaging studies.

Keywords:

Pulmonary embolism thrombosis venous thromboembolism

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Establishment of a Minimally Invasive Rat Model of Pulmonary Embolism Using Autologous Blood Clots

Establishment of a Minimally Invasive Rat Model of Pulmonary Embolism Using Autologous Blood Clots

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Last Updated: May 10, 2026

A Porcine Model of Acute Autologous Pulmonary Embolism

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Establishment of a Minimally Invasive Rat Model of Pulmonary Embolism Using Autologous Blood Clots

Establishment of a Minimally Invasive Rat Model of Pulmonary Embolism Using Autologous Blood Clots

Published on: October 25, 2024

Analysis of current treatment modalities and advances in patient management.

Main Results:

Pulmonary embolism presents a diagnostic challenge due to its wide spectrum of clinical manifestations.
A combination of clinical assessment, laboratory tests, and imaging is vital for accurate PE diagnosis.
Recent advancements facilitate outpatient treatment and reduced hospitalization durations for select PE patients.

Conclusions:

Prompt diagnosis and treatment of PE are critical for reducing patient mortality and morbidity.
Understanding PE risk factors, pathophysiology, and presentation aids in timely intervention.
Advances in PE management allow for more efficient care, including home-based treatment options.