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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:29

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...
Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:19

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

A blood clot, or thrombus, is a semi-solid mass composed of fibrin, platelets, and red blood cells. When it forms within a vessel, it can obstruct blood flow, known as thrombosis. If part of the clot detaches, it becomes an embolus that can travel and block distant vessels. When this occurs in the pulmonary arteries, it causes a condition known as pulmonary embolism (PE).Origin and ImpactMost often, the embolus originates from a thrombus in the deep veins of the lower limbs, a condition called...
Venous Thrombosis I: Introduction01:30

Venous Thrombosis I: Introduction

Venous thrombosis, the most common disorder of the veins, involves the formation of a thrombus or blood clot associated with vein inflammation. It can be classified as either superficial vein thrombosis or deep vein thrombosis.Superficial Vein Thrombosis: This involves the formation of a thrombus in a superficial vein, usually the greater or lesser saphenous vein. Though less severe than deep vein thrombosis (DVT), SVT can lead to complications if untreated.Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): This...
Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:29

Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

Diagnosing Pulmonary EmbolismDiagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) involves clinical assessment and advanced imaging tests. The preferred diagnostic tool is the spiral (helical) CT scan or CT angiography (CTA), which uses intravenous contrast media to visualize the pulmonary vasculature and identify emboli.A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan is an alternative for patients unable to receive contrast media. This scan includes both perfusion and ventilation scanning. Perfusion scanning involves...
Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) predominantly results from atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the walls of arteries. This causes them to narrow and harden, significantly reducing blood flow. PAD predominantly affects the legs, particularly the arteries supplying the thighs and calves. In rare cases, it may involve other arteries, including those in the arms.Etiology of PAD:The principal cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which results from fatty...
Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...

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Updated: May 10, 2026

Induction of Cerebral Arterial Gas Embolism in Rat
06:26

Induction of Cerebral Arterial Gas Embolism in Rat

Published on: October 18, 2024

Arterial embolism.

Michael R Lyaker1, David B Tulman, Galina T Dimitrova

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

International Journal of Critical Illness and Injury Science
|June 1, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Arterial embolization, common in surgical patients, occurs when clots travel to block arteries, causing ischemia. Treatment focuses on rapid diagnosis, restoring blood flow, and preventing future clots through anticoagulation or anti-platelet therapy.

Keywords:
Arterial embolismatheroembolismatherosclerosiscomplicationdiagnosis and managementthromboembolism

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Area of Science:

  • Vascular Surgery
  • Cardiology
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Surgical and intensive care patients face increased risk of arterial embolization.
  • Pre-existing conditions like age, hypercoagulability, cardiac issues, and atherosclerosis contribute to this risk.
  • Arterial emboli, often cardiac clots or those from atherosclerotic plaque, can cause occlusion, ischemia, and infarction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the causes, manifestations, and management of arterial embolization.
  • To highlight the distinction between thromboemboli and atheroemboli (cholesterol embolization syndrome).
  • To discuss diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for arterial embolism.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on arterial embolization.
  • Analysis of clinical presentations based on affected arterial beds.
  • Discussion of diagnostic imaging and treatment modalities.

Main Results:

  • Common manifestations include stroke and acute lower limb ischemia, with less frequent involvement of upper extremities, mesenteric, or renal arteries.
  • Treatment requires rapid diagnosis and restoration of blood flow.
  • Long-term management involves supportive care, identifying the embolism source, and prevention.

Conclusions:

  • Management strategies vary based on emboli type, duration, and affected organs.
  • Anticoagulation is indicated for cardiac-derived emboli.
  • For emboli from atherosclerotic disease, risk reduction includes anti-platelet therapy and statins; further research is ongoing for anticoagulation and surgical interventions.