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Metabolic syndrome and endothelial dysfunction in a population born small for gestational age relationship to growth

Antonio de Arriba1, Mercedes Domínguez, José I Labarta

  • 1Andrea Prader Foundation, IACS (Instituto de Ciencias de La Salud-Institute of Health Sciences), Government of Aragon.

Pediatric Endocrinology Reviews : PER
|June 4, 2013
PubMed

Insights

Children born small for gestational age (SGA) with rapid catch-up growth show increased risks for metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular issues in childhood. This highlights the importance of monitoring growth patterns in SGA infants.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Syndrome Research

Background:

  • Being born small for gestational age (SGA) is linked to metabolic syndrome.
  • Rapid weight gain in infancy and early childhood exacerbates this risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors in pre-pubertal and pubertal subjects born SGA.
  • To compare outcomes between spontaneous catch-up growth and growth hormone (GH) treatment in SGA individuals.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 167 pre-pubertal and 102 pubertal subjects.
  • Measurements included auxological parameters, blood pressure, laboratory data (HOMA index), and carotid intima-media thickness (CA-IMT).

Main Results:

  • SGA individuals with spontaneous catch-up growth exhibited higher BMI, blood pressure, HOMA index, and CA-IMT compared to GH-treated and appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA) groups.
  • These findings suggest increased early-life risk for obesity, hypertension, insulin resistance, and endothelial dysfunction.

Conclusions:

  • Subjects born SGA, particularly those with robust catch-up growth, face a significant risk of developing chronic diseases early in life.
  • Monitoring and intervention strategies are crucial for managing metabolic and cardiovascular health in SGA populations.
Abstract

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