Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 10, 2026
10:10
Evaluating Tests of Cognition using a Computerized Touch-Sensitive Tablet, Eye Tracking, and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Published on: January 30, 2026
Evidence for added value of baseline testing in computer-based cognitive assessment
Tresa M Roebuck-Spencer1, Andrea S Vincent, Robert E Schlegel
1Cognitive Science Research Center, University of Oklahoma, 3200 Marshall Avenue, Suite 260, Norman, OK 73072, USA. tresa@ou.edu
Journal of Athletic Training
|June 4, 2013
Summary
Comparing cognitive assessment methods, using an individual's baseline performance is crucial. This approach minimizes misdiagnosis by identifying true changes rather than relying solely on normative data, reducing false positives in concussion surveillance.
Area of Science:
- Neuropsychology
- Cognitive Science
- Military Medicine
Background:
- Large-scale baseline cognitive assessments are standard in concussion surveillance and pre-deployment military protocols.
- The incremental validity of these widespread baseline cognitive tests has recently been challenged.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the added value of baseline cognitive testing in computer-based neuropsychological assessments.
- To compare two distinct methods for classifying atypical cognitive performance in a healthy sample.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional study was conducted at a military base.
- 8,002 military service members completed the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Matrix (ANAM) before and after deployment.
- Atypical performance rates were determined by comparing post-deployment scores to a military normative database and to individual baseline scores using a reliable change index.
Main Results:
- Overall rates of atypical performance were similar between norm-referenced and individual baseline comparison methods.
- However, the classification of individuals as atypical showed significant discordance between the two methods.
- Norm-referenced methods identified 2.6% of individuals as normal despite baseline declines and misclassified 65.7% as atypical when no baseline change occurred.
Conclusions:
- Individual baseline performance is essential for accurate cognitive assessment.
- Utilizing personal baselines helps minimize false-positive errors in diagnosing cognitive changes.
- This approach reduces the risks and stress associated with potential misdiagnosis in concussion surveillance and military readiness.
