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Review and Preview

Review and Preview

In statistics, several tools are used to interpret the data. Measures of central tendency represent the characteristics of the data, such as mean, median, and mode. Additionally, measures of variance like standard deviation and range are used to find the spread of data from the mean. Relative standing measures the distance between data locations. Commonly used measures of relative standings are percentile, z score, and quartiles.
Percentiles are a type of fractile that partition data into...

Review and Preview

Review and Preview

Data are individual items of information obtained from a population or sample. Data may be classified as qualitative (categorical), quantitative continuous, or quantitative discrete. Because it is not practical to measure the entire population in a study, researchers use samples to represent the population. A random sample is a representative group from the population chosen by using a method that gives each individual in the population an equal chance of being included in the sample. Random...

Feedback Loops

Feedback Loops

In most cases, excessive hormone production is prevented by negative feedback—a loop that starts with a stimulus inducing the release of a particular substance, like a hormone, to maintain a certain level before triggering a signal that results in a decrease in further release of the hormone.

Feedback Inhibition

Feedback Inhibition

Biochemical reactions are occurring constantly in cells, converting starting substances to different products, usually with the help of enzymes that speed the reactions. Without enzymes, it would take far too long for most reactions to occur to be useful to the cell!

Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification

Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification

Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...

Hypothesis: Accept or Fail to Reject?

Hypothesis: Accept or Fail to Reject?

The outcome of any hypothesis testing leads to rejecting or not rejecting the null hypothesis. This decision is taken based on the analysis of the data, an appropriate test statistic, an appropriate confidence level, the critical values, and P-values. However, when the evidence suggests that the null hypothesis cannot be rejected, is it right to say, 'Accept' the null hypothesis?
There are two ways to indicate that the null hypothesis is not rejected. 'Accept' the null hypothesis and 'fail to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

A Modified Lean and Release Technique to Emphasize Response Inhibition and Action Selection in Reactive Balance

A Modified Lean and Release Technique to Emphasize Response Inhibition and Action Selection in Reactive Balance

Published on: March 19, 2020

Testing the rebound peer review concept.

Stefan W Ryter, Augustine M K Choi

Antioxidants & Redox Signaling

|June 4, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The Rebound Peer Review (RPR) mechanism successfully rescued a rejected study on non-small cell lung carcinoma, highlighting a novel approach to scientific publication. This process involved open peer review to overturn an initial rejection.

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Last Updated: May 10, 2026

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Area of Science:

Biomedical research
Scientific publishing
Oncology

Background:

An editorial discusses the Rebound Peer Review (RPR) mechanism used to rescue a rejected article on non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC).
The RPR process involved authors finding reviewers to advocate for their work after initial rejection due to scientific and technical concerns.

Discussion:

The RPR successfully overturned a rejection, demonstrating its potential to rescue valuable research.
Concerns are raised regarding the necessity and implications of open peer review for overturning decisions.
The process involved relinquishing editorial privilege and disclosing reviewer identities, prompting debate on standard peer review practices.

Key Insights:

The RPR mechanism can serve as a successful intervention to prevent the loss of potentially significant research.
Open peer review, as facilitated by RPR, allows for a re-evaluation of scientific merit.
The case study prompts critical reflection on the traditional peer review system and the role of transparency.

Outlook:

Future research may explore the long-term impact and ethical considerations of RPR and similar open peer review models.
The study encourages a broader discussion on balancing rigorous peer review with mechanisms for rescuing potentially impactful science.
Further investigation into the effectiveness and potential biases of RPR is warranted.