Intergroup cross-comparison for the evaluation of data-interchangeability from various chromatographic tests

Area of Science:

• Analytical Chemistry
• Chromatography

Background:

• The proliferation of reversed-phase column chemistries necessitates standardized characterization methods.
• Existing characterization approaches vary in test mixtures and conditions, complicating column selection.
• Novel stationary phases like calixarene- and resorcinarene-bonded materials require evaluation against established methods.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically compare the Tanaka, United States Pharmacopeia (USP), and Snyder-Dolan methods for characterizing reversed-phase columns.
• To investigate the chromatographic properties of novel stationary phases including calixarene-, resorcinarene-, phenyl-, and polar-embedded/endcapped phases.
• To assess the correlation and interchangeability of parameters derived from different column characterization systems.

Main Methods:

• Application of Tanaka, USP, and Snyder-Dolan column characterization strategies.
• Systematic investigation of various stationary phases: alkyl-bonded (octyl-, octadecylsilane), calixarene-, resorcinarene-, phenyl-, ether-linked phenyl, polar-embedded, and polar-endcapped.
• Comparative analysis of column parameters generated by each method under different chromatographic conditions.

Main Results:

• A good to very good correlation was observed between the Tanaka and Snyder-Dolan characterization parameters for most tested columns.
• The USP method, relying on a single run, showed correlation with Tanaka and Snyder-Dolan only for hydrophobic characteristics.
• The hydrophobic-subtraction model can be extended to calixarene- and resorcinarene-bonded phases, but these phases exhibit additional interactions due to unique steric, polar, and ionic properties.

Conclusions:

• Tanaka and Snyder-Dolan methods offer comparable and reliable characterization of reversed-phase columns.
• The USP method provides limited comparative data, primarily for hydrophobic interactions.
• Novel stationary phases, while fitting the hydrophobic-subtraction model, possess distinct properties requiring careful consideration for method development.