Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Vertebral Column: Regions and Curvature01:16

Vertebral Column: Regions and Curvature

The vertebral column or spine is a flexible column that supports the head, neck, and body and  allows for their movements. It also protects the spinal cord.
Regions of the Vertebral Column
In an adult, the spine is subdivided into five regions: the cervical, the thoracic, the lumbar, the sacral, and the coccygeal region. The spine initially develops as a series of 33 vertebrae; after 20 years of age, the nine bones in the sacral region, five sacral, and four coccygeal bones fuse to form the...
Muscles of the Vertebral Column01:27

Muscles of the Vertebral Column

The back muscles that lie deep into the thoracolumbar fascia are called intrinsic or true back muscles. These muscles are divided into four layers: superficial, intermediate, deep, and deepest layers.
Superficial Layer:
The superficial layer consists primarily of the splenius muscles, which include the splenius capitis and splenius cervicis. These muscles are mainly responsible for the head and cervical spine movements, including extension, rotation, and lateral bending. The splenius capitis...
Stress: General Loading Conditions01:15

Stress: General Loading Conditions

To grasp the intricacy of real-world conditions where multiple loads are applied simultaneously to a structure, one might visualize a section passing through a specific point within a body, aligned parallel to the xy plane. This section is subjected to various forces, including original loads, normal forces, and shearing forces.
The shearing force, possessing potential directionality within the plane of the section, is simplified into two component forces running parallel to the x and y axes.
General Case of Eccentric Axial Loading01:12

General Case of Eccentric Axial Loading

Unsymmetrical bending occurs when the bending moment applied to a structural member does not align with its principal axis. This misalignment leads to complex stress distributions and deflection patterns that differ from symmetrical bending, which are essential for designing structures to withstand different loading conditions.
Consider a member subjected to equal and opposite forces that are applied along a line that does not coincide with the member's neutral axis. In unsymmetrical bending,...
Residual Stresses in Bending01:18

Residual Stresses in Bending

In the study of elastoplastic members subjected to bending moments, understanding the loading and unloading phases is crucial for assessing material behavior and structural integrity. During the loading phase, as the bending moment increases, the material initially responds elastically, adhering to Hooke's Law, where stress is directly proportional to strain. When the load exceeds the yield strength, plastic deformation occurs, resulting in permanent strain and deformation that remains even...
General Structure of a Vertebra01:30

General Structure of a Vertebra

A typical vertebra, with the exception of the sacrum and coccyx, consists of a body, a vertebral arch, and seven different projections termed processes. The anterior portion of the vertebrae, the body, supports about half the body’s weight. The vertebral bodies progressively increase in size and thickness from the cervical region to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. The intervertebral discs present between the bodies of adjacent vertebrae firmly unites them, forming a continuous column.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Implementation of cloud computing in the German healthcare system.

NPJ digital medicine·2024
Same author

Prospects for observing and localizing gravitational-wave transients with Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA.

Living reviews in relativity·2020
Same author

GW190521: A Binary Black Hole Merger with a Total Mass of 150  M_{⊙}.

Physical review letters·2020
Same author

Characterization of transient noise in Advanced LIGO relevant to gravitational wave signal GW150914.

Classical and quantum gravity·2020
Same author

GW150914: First results from the search for binary black hole coalescence with Advanced LIGO.

Physical review. D. (2016)·2020
Same author

Search for Subsolar Mass Ultracompact Binaries in Advanced LIGO's Second Observing Run.

Physical review letters·2019
Same journal

Regional mechanical differences in hamstring muscles after removal of surrounding connective tissue.

Journal of biomechanics·2026
Same journal

A novel knee joint laxity measurement device in mice.

Journal of biomechanics·2026
Same journal

Influence of iliofemoral ligament laxity on hip joint contact forces during gait.

Journal of biomechanics·2026
Same journal

Associations of sagittal spinal alignment with shear wave velocity, thickness, and echo intensity of muscles attached to the spine and pelvis in healthy women.

Journal of biomechanics·2026
Same journal

The gait lab effect: symmetry restoration strategy after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is different in natural environments than the gait laboratory.

Journal of biomechanics·2026
Same journal

Mediolateral trunk control, rather than temporal gait control, is associated with treadmill walking adaptation in healthy older adults.

Journal of biomechanics·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Evaluation of Patients' Posture and Gait Profile After Lumbar Fusion Surgery by Video Rasterstereography and Treadmill Gait Analysis
07:44

Evaluation of Patients' Posture and Gait Profile After Lumbar Fusion Surgery by Video Rasterstereography and Treadmill Gait Analysis

Published on: March 23, 2019

Correlation between back shape and spinal loads.

H Srbinoska1, M Dreischarf, T Consmüller

  • 1Julius Wolff Institute, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany.

Journal of Biomechanics
|June 4, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study found that lumbar lordosis angle changes correlate with spinal loads during sagittal plane activities. Significant correlations were observed during exercises with substantial back shape and load variations, particularly upper body flexion.

Keywords:
Back shapeLoad measurementLordosisTelemetryVertebral body replacement

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 10, 2026

Evaluation of Patients' Posture and Gait Profile After Lumbar Fusion Surgery by Video Rasterstereography and Treadmill Gait Analysis
07:44

Evaluation of Patients' Posture and Gait Profile After Lumbar Fusion Surgery by Video Rasterstereography and Treadmill Gait Analysis

Published on: March 23, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Spinal Engineering

Background:

  • Lumbar vertebral compression fractures often require surgical intervention.
  • Telemeterized vertebral body replacements allow in vivo measurement of spinal loads.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the correlation between lumbar lordosis and spinal loads during sagittal plane activities.
  • To quantify the relationship between back shape and spinal forces in patients with vertebral replacements.

Main Methods:

  • Four subjects with lumbar compression fractures treated with telemetric vertebral replacements underwent measurements.
  • Spinal loads (six components) were measured in vivo using the vertebral replacement.
  • Lumbar lordosis angle was assessed using the Epionics SPINE system.
  • Spearman's rank correlation coefficient quantified the relationship between lordosis angle and spinal loads during 13 exercises.

Main Results:

  • Upper body flexion increased spinal force by ~285N and decreased lordosis angle by 15°.
  • Lifting 30N with one hand increased force by ~190N and lordosis angle by 2°.
  • Strong correlations (r > 0.6) were found in exercises with significant back shape and load changes, like upper body flexion.

Conclusions:

  • Spinal load increases can be associated with both increases and decreases in lumbar lordosis angle.
  • A strong correlation between lordosis angle and implant force was evident only with considerable lordosis changes in an upright posture.