Increased variability of axonal excitability in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterised by the increased excitability of motoneurons and heterogeneous loss of axons. The heterogeneous nature of the disease process among fibres may show variability of excitability in ALS.

Multiple nerve excitability tests were performed in 28 ALS patients and 23 control subjects, by tracking at the varying threshold levels (10%, 20%, 40% and 60% of maximum amplitudes).

In normal controls, excitability measures at low target levels have the following characteristics compared to those at high target levels: longer strength-duration time constant, greater threshold reduction during depolarising currents and smaller threshold increase to hyperpolarising currents. ALS patients had less clear amplitude dependency of the parameters than the controls, indicating variability of axonal excitability. Three ALS patients demonstrated greater target-amplitude-dependent threshold changes in threshold electrotonus than controls, suggesting selective axonal hyperexcitability.

Some of the ALS patients had variable axonal excitability at different target amplitudes, suggesting preferential hyperexcitability in the axons with low target amplitude levels.

Variable membrane potentials of motor axons in ALS may be assessed by recording excitability testing at different target amplitude levels.