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Related Concept Videos

Antihypertensive Drugs: Thiazide-Class Diuretics01:15

Antihypertensive Drugs: Thiazide-Class Diuretics

Thiazide diuretics are sulfonamide derivatives featuring a benzothiadiazine ring system in their molecular structure. Based on this structure, thiazide diuretics can be categorized into two groups: thiazide-type and thiazide-like diuretics. Thiazide-type diuretics, including hydrochlorothiazide and chlorothiazide, consist of a benzothiadiazine backbone with an attached sulfonamide group. Thiazide-like diuretics, such as chlorthalidone and indapamide, lack the thiazide ring but demonstrate...
Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions01:01

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions

Type II hypersensitivity involves IgG and IgM antibodies targeting cell surface antigens, leading to cell destruction. This can occur through complement activation, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), or acting as opsonins for phagocytosis. When excessive, these reactions cause significant tissue damage.Drug-induced hemolytic anemia is a common example, where drugs like penicillin or cephalosporins bind to red blood cells, forming drug-protein complexes. These complexes...
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions01:29

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions

Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH), or Type IV hypersensitivity, is a cell-mediated immune response. It occurs when T cells, rather than antibodies, mediate a reaction to specific antigens. It is characterized by a delayed onset (1-2 days) and involves the recruitment of macrophages to the inflammation site.The initiation of a DTH response begins with the sensitization of T cells. During this phase, which lasts at least 1-2 weeks, antigen-specific T cells are activated, clonally expanded, and...
Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State01:21

Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State

Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State, or HHS, is a serious and life-threatening complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is characterized by three main features: severe hyperglycemia, profound dehydration, and elevated serum osmolality, all occurring without significant ketoacidosis.HHS typically develops in older adults or individuals with limited access to fluids. This may result from illness, cognitive impairment, or medications such as diuretics or corticosteroids. These factors reduce...
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum sickness, a systemic...

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[Low back pain of unfavourable progression].

Semergen·2013
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Updated: May 10, 2026

Granulocyte-dependent Autoantibody-induced Skin Blistering
12:23

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Published on: October 12, 2012

[Hydrochlorothiazide induced bullous pemphigoid].

V C García Sanchez1, Y Calle Romero, E de la Peña Parra

  • 1Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria, Centro de Salud Las Américas, Parla, Madrid, España.

Semergen
|June 4, 2013
PubMed
Summary

A 55-year-old man developed itchy blisters due to hydrochlorothiazide. Stopping the diuretic and using corticosteroids resolved the drug-induced skin reaction.

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Hypertension is a common condition often managed with diuretics.
  • Drug-induced skin reactions can manifest in various ways, including bullous eruptions.

Observation:

  • A 55-year-old male presented with a three-month history of pruritic bullous lesions on the body, hands, and scalp.
  • The patient had a history of hypertension treated with hydrochlorothiazide for several years.

Findings:

  • Differential diagnoses for the bullous lesions were excluded.
  • The patient's condition improved significantly after discontinuing hydrochlorothiazide and initiating oral corticosteroid therapy.
  • This suggests a likely pharmacological cause, specifically a reaction to hydrochlorothiazide.

Implications:

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  • Hydrochlorothiazide can cause adverse cutaneous drug reactions.
  • Discontinuation of the offending drug and appropriate treatment can lead to resolution of drug-induced bullous lesions.
  • Awareness of potential side effects is crucial for managing patients on long-term diuretic therapy.