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Related Concept Videos

False Memories01:18

False Memories

False memories represent a cognitive distortion in which individuals recall events that did not happen, or remember them in an altered form. This phenomenon highlights the brain's constructive nature in processing and recalling memories, emphasizing that memory is not a perfect representation of past events but rather a dynamic reconstruction influenced by various factors.
One primary source of false memories is misattribution, where individuals incorrectly associate external information with...
Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
Retrieval01:12

Retrieval

Retrieval is the process of getting information out of memory storage and back into conscious awareness. This ability is essential for daily tasks like brushing hair and teeth, driving to work, and performing job duties. Retrieval occurs in three ways: recall, recognition, and relearning.
Recall involves accessing information without cues, such as during an essay test, where individuals must retrieve facts and concepts from memory unaided. Another example is remembering the name of a colleague...
Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory01:26

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory

Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or playing an...
Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
Eyewitness Memory01:22

Eyewitness Memory

Eyewitness memory refers to the recollection of events by someone who has directly witnessed them, often serving as critical evidence in legal settings. This type of memory is commonly used in criminal cases where a witness describes details like a suspect's appearance, clothing, or behavior during a crime. However, despite its perceived reliability, eyewitness memory is prone to significant errors.
One such error is memory distortion, which occurs because human memory does not function like a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

The Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) Task: A Simple Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate False Memories in the Laboratory
07:26

The Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) Task: A Simple Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate False Memories in the Laboratory

Published on: January 31, 2017

Encoding- and retrieval-related brain activity underlying false recognition.

Nobuhito Abe1, Toshikatsu Fujii, Maki Suzuki

  • 1Department of Behavioral Neurology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan. abe.nobuhito.7s@kyoto-u.ac.jp

Neuroscience Research
|June 4, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Neural activity in the right parahippocampal gyrus and visual cortex differentiates true memories from false ones during encoding and retrieval. This brain activity supports recollection, distinguishing detailed recall from mere familiarity.

Keywords:
False memoryFalse recognitionFamiliarity-based recognitionMedial temporal lobeRecollection-based recognitionVisual cortex

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Using a Classroom-Based Deese Roediger McDermott Paradigm to Assess the Effects of Imagery on False Memories
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Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotional Autobiographical Recollection
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Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotional Autobiographical Recollection

Published on: August 26, 2011

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 10, 2026

The Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) Task: A Simple Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate False Memories in the Laboratory
07:26

The Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) Task: A Simple Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate False Memories in the Laboratory

Published on: January 31, 2017

Using a Classroom-Based Deese Roediger McDermott Paradigm to Assess the Effects of Imagery on False Memories
08:53

Using a Classroom-Based Deese Roediger McDermott Paradigm to Assess the Effects of Imagery on False Memories

Published on: November 14, 2018

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotional Autobiographical Recollection
11:30

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotional Autobiographical Recollection

Published on: August 26, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neuroimaging
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Recognition memory involves distinguishing between previously encountered and novel stimuli.
  • The Remember/Know procedure differentiates recollection (detailed recall) from familiarity (a sense of knowing).
  • Understanding the neural correlates of true and false recognition is crucial for memory research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neural activity patterns during encoding and retrieval associated with true and false recognition.
  • To differentiate the neural bases of recollection versus familiarity in recognition memory.
  • To examine how neural activity relates to the subjective experience of remembering or knowing.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Remember/Know procedure to categorize recognition responses.
  • Employed neuroimaging techniques (fMRI implied) to measure brain activity during encoding and retrieval.
  • Analyzed neural activity in specific brain regions, including the parahippocampal gyrus and visual cortex.

Main Results:

  • The right parahippocampal gyrus showed increased activation during recollection-based true recognition compared to familiarity-based true recognition at retrieval.
  • This right parahippocampal gyrus activation was absent for false recognition.
  • The right visual cortex (occipitotemporal sulcus) was more active during encoding for items later recollected compared to those experienced as familiar, an effect not seen for false recognition.
  • Contrary to hypotheses, early visual cortex reactivation was not observed during true recognition but was seen during false recognition.

Conclusions:

  • Neural activity during both encoding and retrieval distinguishes between veridical (true) and illusory (false) memories.
  • The right parahippocampal gyrus plays a role in the item-specific retrieval of visual details during true recognition.
  • The right visual cortex is involved in item-specific visual processing during the encoding of memories that are later recollected.
  • Subjective experiences of remembering and knowing, for both true and false memories, are underpinned by distinct neural activity patterns.