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Related Concept Videos

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
Peptide Bonds02:43

Peptide Bonds

A peptide bond covalently attaches amino acids through a dehydration reaction. One amino acid's carboxyl group and another amino acid's amino group combine, releasing a water molecule. The resulting bond is the peptide bond. The products that such linkages form are peptides. As more amino acids join this growing chain, the resulting chain is a polypeptide. Each polypeptide has a free amino group at one end. This end has the N-terminal, or the amino-terminal, and the other end has a free...
Site-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Polymeric Carriers01:24

Site-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Polymeric Carriers

Polymeric carriers enhance targeted drug delivery by increasing efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. These carriers comprise a biodegradable polymeric backbone integrated with functional elements that enable targeting, improve physicochemical properties, and regulate drug release.Targeting MechanismsThe targeting ability of polymeric carriers is mediated by a homing device, which is a molecular recognition component designed to selectively bind to specific tissues or cells. Monoclonal...
Production of Pharmaceuticals01:30

Production of Pharmaceuticals

Industrial insulin production uses genetically engineered E. coli expressing a proinsulin gene controlled by a tryptophan promoter and containing a methionine linker for later cleavage. The cells also carry ampicillin resistance for selective growth. Seed cultures are stored at −80 °C and production begins by thawing a small amount to inoculate starter cultures, which are progressively scaled to a 50,000-L bioreactor. In the bioreactor, E. coli grow in nutrient-rich media under sterile, tightly...
Transducer Mechanism: Enzyme-Linked Receptors01:27

Transducer Mechanism: Enzyme-Linked Receptors

Enzyme-linked receptors are cell-surface receptors acting as an enzyme or associating with an enzyme intracellularly. They make excellent drug targets. Drugs can bind to the extracellular ligand-binding domain or directly affect their enzymatic domain and alter their activity.
Major types that are helpful drug targets include:
Peptide Identification Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry01:33

Peptide Identification Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Tandem mass spectrometry, also known as MS/MS or MS2, is an analytical technique that employs two mass analyzers. Essentially it is a series of mass spectrometers that helps isolate a particular biomolecule and then helps study its chemical properties.
This technique helps gather information regarding the protein from which the peptide was obtained and to study the peptides’ amino acid sequence. Identifying peptides from a complex mixture is an important component of the growing field of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

A Tripeptide-Stabilized Nanoemulsion of Oleic Acid
10:42

A Tripeptide-Stabilized Nanoemulsion of Oleic Acid

Published on: February 27, 2019

Future directions for peptide therapeutics development.

Allan A Kaspar1, Janice M Reichert

  • 1CovX/Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 9381 Judicial Drive, Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.

Drug Discovery Today
|June 4, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Peptide therapeutics have seen significant growth, with many new drugs approved and a strong pipeline expected. This review details the current landscape, focusing on glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists and future expansion areas.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Drug Development
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Peptide therapeutics experienced substantial development from the late 1990s through the 2000s.
  • This led to a peak in marketing approvals in 2012 and established a robust pipeline for future drug releases.
  • The field continues to evolve, necessitating an updated overview of the current therapeutic landscape.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To document the current status of peptide therapeutics in clinical studies, regulatory review, and recent approvals.
  • To provide an overview of the peptide therapeutics pipeline, including therapeutic areas and molecular targets.
  • To highlight glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists as a key focus area and explore potential expansion avenues.

Main Methods:

  • Data collection on peptide therapeutics in clinical studies, regulatory review, and recent approvals.
  • Analysis of the peptide therapeutics pipeline, categorizing by therapeutic area and molecular targets.
  • Profiling of emerging areas such as constrained peptides and peptide-drug conjugates.

Main Results:

  • A significant number of peptide therapeutics are in development, with numerous approvals anticipated.
  • Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists represent a prominent class within the current pipeline.
  • Emerging areas like constrained peptides and peptide-drug conjugates show potential for future growth.

Conclusions:

  • The peptide therapeutics pipeline is robust, driven by past development and expected to yield numerous approvals.
  • Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists are a key focus, indicating their therapeutic importance.
  • Further innovation in areas like constrained peptides and peptide-drug conjugates is crucial for pipeline expansion.