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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

En Face Detection of Nitric Oxide and Superoxide in Endothelial Layer of Intact Arteries

En Face Detection of Nitric Oxide and Superoxide in Endothelial Layer of Intact Arteries

Published on: February 25, 2016

How ubiquitous is endothelial NOS?

Fahima Syeda¹, David Hauton, Steven Young

¹Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK.

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part A, Molecular & Integrative Physiology

|June 4, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Fish lack endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3), a key regulator of vascular tone. This study found no evidence for NOS3 in fish, challenging previous assumptions about nitric oxide signaling in these species.

Keywords:

Capillaries Fish Histochemistry Muscle Myography Synteny eNOS

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Published on: March 16, 2017

Area of Science:

Cardiovascular Physiology
Comparative Genomics
Molecular Biology

Background:

Vascular tone regulation is crucial for cardiovascular function.
Nitric oxide (NO) is traditionally considered a universal smooth muscle relaxant.
Previous studies reported varied responses to NO-related compounds in non-mammalian vertebrates.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the presence and function of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) in fish.
To clarify the role of NO in fish vascular tone regulation.
To reconcile conflicting reports on nitroergic signaling in non-mammalian vertebrates.

Main Methods:

Branchial artery myography to assess vascular tone.
Immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis for protein localization and detection.
RT-PCR, sequence orthologue identification, and syntenic analysis for genomic investigation.

Main Results:

Nitrodilators did not alter vascular tone in fish; exogenous cyclic GMP caused dilatation.
NOS3 antibodies showed non-specific staining, not localizing to endothelial markers.
NOS3 mRNA was absent in all fish species, though NOS2 mRNA was abundant; putative NOS3 orthologues lacked conserved synteny.

Conclusions:

Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) is absent in fish.
Previous findings of NOS3 in fish may be due to cross-reactivity with antibodies against mammalian epitopes.
The mechanisms of vascular tone regulation in fish likely differ from mammals regarding NOS3.