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Related Concept Videos

Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Pharmacological Actions01:30

Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Pharmacological Actions

Indirect-acting cholinergic agonists, also known as anticholinesterases, exert their pharmacological effects by enhancing cholinergic transmission in various body parts, including the neuromuscular junction, autonomic cholinergic synapses, and the brain.
At the neuromuscular junction, these agents work by inhibiting the breakdown of acetylcholine, allowing it to remain bound to the receptor and bind to nearby receptors. This process leads to repetitive firing of the endplate, causing muscle...
Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Parasympathetic Signaling01:30

Parasympathetic Signaling

Parasympathetic signaling plays a crucial role in regulating various physiological processes. It involves the release of acetylcholine (ACh) by parasympathetic neurons, which can have localized and short-lived effects. The majority of ACh released is rapidly inactivated at the synapse by the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE), which hydrolyzes Ach into choline and acetate. Additionally, the tissue cholinesterase deactivates any ACh diffusing into the surrounding tissues.
The effects of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Operation Procedure and Precautions of Lingnan Fire-Needle Therapy in Osteoporosis Model Rats
03:56

Operation Procedure and Precautions of Lingnan Fire-Needle Therapy in Osteoporosis Model Rats

Published on: April 26, 2024

Cholinergic regulation of bone.

H Eimar1, I Tamimi, M Murshed

  • 1Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0C7, Canada.

Journal of Musculoskeletal & Neuronal Interactions
|June 4, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Cholinergic activity promotes bone mass accrual by stimulating bone cells, contrasting with adrenergic activity that causes bone loss. This highlights the potential of cholinergic stimulation for treating bone diseases.

Area of Science:

  • Bone biology and physiology
  • Autonomic nervous system signaling
  • Skeletal health and disease

Background:

  • Bone remodeling is influenced by the autonomic nervous system's adrenergic and cholinergic branches.
  • Cholinergic activity is increasingly recognized for its role in promoting bone mass accrual.
  • Adrenergic activity, conversely, is linked to bone loss.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of cholinergic activity's role in bone health.
  • To explore the mechanisms by which cholinergic signaling impacts bone remodeling.
  • To discuss the therapeutic potential of cholinergic stimulation for bone diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of in vitro studies on cholinergic activity and bone cell behavior.
  • Analysis of in vivo studies investigating cholinergic activity's effect on bone mass.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 10, 2026

Operation Procedure and Precautions of Lingnan Fire-Needle Therapy in Osteoporosis Model Rats
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Operation Procedure and Precautions of Lingnan Fire-Needle Therapy in Osteoporosis Model Rats

Published on: April 26, 2024

  • Examination of clinical data correlating bone density with cholinergic-regulated tissue function.

    • Main Results:

    • In vitro evidence shows cholinergic activity stimulates bone cell proliferation and differentiation.
    • In vivo studies demonstrate that cholinergic stimulation enhances bone mass accrual, while inhibition leads to bone loss.
    • Clinical findings suggest a link between bone density and the function of cholinergic-regulated organs.

    Conclusions:

    • Cholinergic activity plays a significant role in bone physiology, promoting bone accrual.
    • The findings support a common control mechanism for bone health and other bodily functions regulated by cholinergic pathways.
    • Cholinergic stimulation presents a promising therapeutic strategy for managing bone diseases.