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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
Aging01:26

Aging

Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...

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Walk with Me Hybrid Virtual/In-Person Walking for Older Adults with Neurodegenerative Disease
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Is "Walkability" A Useful Concept for Gerontology?

Allen Glicksman1, Lauren Ring, Morton H Kleban

  • 1Philadelphia Corporation for Aging.

Journal of Housing for the Elderly
|June 5, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Walkable neighborhoods are linked to better health, including more exercise and healthier eating. This relationship between neighborhood walkability and resident health outcomes is complex and does not appear stronger in the elderly.

Keywords:
GISenvironmentwalkability

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental health
  • Urban planning
  • Public health

Background:

  • Neighborhood characteristics significantly influence resident health behaviors and outcomes.
  • Understanding the link between the built environment and health is crucial for public health interventions.
  • Previous research suggests walkability may promote healthier lifestyles, but its impact across different age groups requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test the hypothesis that living in a walkable neighborhood is associated with increased physical activity, healthier eating habits, and lower obesity rates.
  • To examine whether this association is more pronounced among elderly residents.
  • To explore the relationship between specific environmental factors contributing to walkability and distinct health outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Health outcomes (physical activity, fruit/vegetable intake, Body Mass Index) were measured for neighborhood residents.
  • Neighborhood walkability was assessed using environmental items, which were factor-analyzed into three distinct components.
  • Statistical analyses were conducted to determine the relationships between walkability factors and health outcomes, considering age as a potential moderator.

Main Results:

  • All three measured health outcomes were found to be significantly related to the three identified environmental factors of walkability.
  • Contrary to the second hypothesis, age was not found to be a significant predictor in the relationship between neighborhood walkability and health outcomes.
  • The study identified complex ways in which the environment influences health, with no amplified effect observed in the elderly population.

Conclusions:

  • Neighborhood environment plays a significant role in shaping health outcomes, including physical activity, diet, and obesity.
  • The complex interplay between environmental factors and health suggests that targeted urban planning can yield public health benefits.
  • While walkability is linked to better health, its specific relationship with age is intricate and warrants further nuanced research.