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Related Concept Videos

Diverticular Disease of the Colon01:27

Diverticular Disease of the Colon

Diverticular disease involves the formation of diverticula—small sac-like outpouchings of the colonic wall—and their complications. It most commonly affects the sigmoid colon due to higher intraluminal pressure and structural vulnerability. It results from structural weakness and increased pressure in the colon, producing pseudodiverticula that may remain silent or progress to inflammation and serious complications.Structure of DiverticulaIn diverticulosis, these outpouchings are...
Esophageal Varices-I: Introduction01:24

Esophageal Varices-I: Introduction

Esophageal varices are dilated, tortuous veins which are found mainly in the submucosa of the lower esophagus but which may also appear higher up or extend into the stomach. They develop due to increased pressure in the portal venous system, often as a result of liver cirrhosis. This condition scars and damages the liver, impeding normal blood flow through the portal vein. To compensate, blood seeks alternative pathways, forming fragile new vessels (varices) in the esophagus and stomach. These...
Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management01:28

Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management

Esophageal varices often manifest as gastrointestinal bleeding episodes, presenting symptoms like hematemesis (vomiting of blood), hematochezia (passing fresh blood via the rectum), and melena (black, tarry stools). Other signs can include weight loss, anorexia, abdominal discomfort, jaundice, pruritus, altered mental status, and muscle cramps.
In the initial assessment, a thorough review of the patient's medical history is vital to identify risk factors such as liver disease, alcohol abuse, or...
Appendicitis01:19

Appendicitis

Appendicitis is an acute inflammatory condition of the vermiform appendix, most commonly caused by obstruction of its lumen. The appendix is a narrow, blind-ended pouch that extends from the cecum, making it particularly prone to obstruction. Causes include fecaliths, lymphoid hyperplasia (often after viral infections), parasites, tumors, or foreign bodies. This obstruction initiates a cascade of pathological changes.Luminal Obstruction and Early InflammationAfter obstruction, normal mucosal...
Appendicitis-I: Introduction01:22

Appendicitis-I: Introduction

The appendix, a small, narrow, blind tube extending from the inferior part of the cecum, is widely regarded as a vestigial organ, having lost much of its original function through evolution. Despite its diminished role, the appendix can become inflamed, a condition known as appendicitis.
Etiology: Appendicitis can arise from various causes, primarily rooted in the obstruction of the appendix lumen. Factors contributing to this obstruction include fecal accumulation, lymphoid hyperplasia and, in...
Esophageal Perforation-I: Introduction01:22

Esophageal Perforation-I: Introduction

Esophageal perforation is a severe medical condition characterized by a breach in the integrity of the esophageal wall. This breach can occur due to various factors such as trauma, medical procedures, or underlying diseases. When the esophageal wall is compromised, it allows food, fluids, and digestive juices into the chest cavity or adjacent structures, leading to potential complications and health risks.
The location of esophageal perforation can vary, occurring anywhere along the esophagus.

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Multimodality Diagnosis of Mesenteric Ischemia
05:07

Multimodality Diagnosis of Mesenteric Ischemia

Published on: July 21, 2023

Syncope as initial presentation of kommerell diverticulum.

Ronny Cohen1, Pablo Loarte, Christine Garcia

  • 1Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, Brooklyn, New York ; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Woodhull Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York.

The International Journal of Angiology : Official Publication of the International College of Angiology, Inc
|June 5, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Kommerell diverticulum, a rare aortic arch anomaly, can cause syncope. This review covers diagnosis, imaging, and surgical treatments for this uncommon condition.

Keywords:
Kommerelldiverticulumleft subclavian arterysyncope

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Three-Dimensional Printing of a Complex Aortic Anomaly
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Three-Dimensional Printing of a Complex Aortic Anomaly

Published on: November 1, 2018

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Last Updated: May 10, 2026

Multimodality Diagnosis of Mesenteric Ischemia
05:07

Multimodality Diagnosis of Mesenteric Ischemia

Published on: July 21, 2023

Three-Dimensional Printing of a Complex Aortic Anomaly
03:40

Three-Dimensional Printing of a Complex Aortic Anomaly

Published on: November 1, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Anatomical Pathology

Background:

  • Kommerell diverticulum (KD) is a rare congenital anomaly of the aortic arch.
  • It involves a diverticulum at the origin of an aberrant subclavian artery.
  • KD can present with various associated aortic arch configurations.

Observation:

  • This case report details a Kommerell diverticulum presenting as syncope.
  • The patient's initial symptom of syncope highlights an unusual presentation for this condition.

Findings:

  • Literature review on Kommerell diverticulum syndrome.
  • Discussion of diagnostic modalities, including advanced imaging techniques.
  • Overview of current surgical management strategies for KD.

Implications:

  • Improved understanding of Kommerell diverticulum presentations.
  • Guidance for clinicians on diagnosing and managing this rare anomaly.
  • Informing surgical decision-making for patients with KD.