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Related Concept Videos

Flow Cytometry01:23

Flow Cytometry

The development of flow cytometry techniques began in 1934 with initial attempts by Andrew Moldavan, a bacteriologist who counted the cells in a flowing capillary system. Moldavan pumped cells through a capillary tube focused under a microscope for visualization. The invention of photometry allowed the measurement of differentially-stained cells, and Louis Kamentsky developed the first multiparameter flow cytometer in 1965 to identify and count the cancer cells in cervical tissue specimens.
In...
Overview Of Cell Separation And Isolation01:20

Overview Of Cell Separation And Isolation

Cell separation was first achieved in 1964 by S. H. Seal, who separated large tumor cells from the smaller blood cells using filtration. Two years later, Pohl and Hawk performed experiments on how cells respond differently to a nonuniform electric field based on the cell type. Such observations were the inception of cell separation methods, which allow isolating a single cell type from a heterogeneous sample.
Subcellular Fractionation01:32

Subcellular Fractionation

The homogenate obtained after cell lysis contains various membrane-bound organelles that can be further separated into pure fractions by subcellular fractionation. These isolates are used to study specific cellular components, analyze localized protein activity, and are even employed in diagnostics. Fractionation is typically achieved using centrifugation methods, the most common being density-gradient and differential centrifugation.
Differential Centrifugation
Differential centrifugation is...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting for the Isolation of Scleractinian Cell Populations
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An improved cell separation technique for marine subsurface sediments: applications for high-throughput analysis

Yuki Morono1, Takeshi Terada, Jens Kallmeyer

  • 1Geomicrobiology Group, Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Monobe B200, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8502, Japan.

Environmental Microbiology
|June 5, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a new method to efficiently separate and count microbial cells from marine sediments. This technique improves cell recovery, especially from shallow depths, enabling better study of the deep subseafloor biosphere.

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Area of Science:

  • Marine microbiology
  • Geomicrobiology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Marine sediments harbor a vast, understudied microbial biosphere.
  • Accurate enumeration of sedimentary microbial cells is crucial for understanding marine ecosystems.
  • Existing methods for cell separation and enumeration from sediments are often inefficient and labor-intensive.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an improved technique for separating microbial cells from marine sediments.
  • To standardize a high-throughput and discriminative cell enumeration method.
  • To enhance the understanding of microbial life in the deep subseafloor biosphere.

Main Methods:

  • Separation of microbial cells from diverse marine sediments using multilayer density gradients (sodium polytungstate and/or Nycodenz).
  • Standardization of a high-throughput cell enumeration method using flow cytometry (FCM).
  • Validation of cell recovery efficiency based on sediment depth and comparison with manual microscopic counts.

Main Results:

  • The new technique achieved higher percent cell recovery compared to previous methods.
  • Over 80% of total cells were recovered from shallow sediments (up to 100 m), and ~50% from deep sediments (100-365 m).
  • Flow cytometry (FCM) provided rapid and accurate cell enumeration, consistent with manual counts (10^4-10^8 cells cm^-3).
  • Sedimentary microbial cells were efficiently collected using a cell sorter.

Conclusions:

  • The combined cell separation and FCM/cell sorting techniques enable high-throughput and precise microbial cell enumeration in sediments.
  • This approach is suitable for various single-cell analyses, advancing research in the deep subseafloor biosphere.
  • The improved method facilitates a better understanding of microbial diversity and function in marine environments.