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Related Concept Videos

Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
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Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer

Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand  RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
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Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer

Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
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Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers01:51

Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers

Retroviruses are RNA viruses that have been shown to cause cancers in diverse species, including chickens, mice, cats, and monkeys. The RNA genomes of these viruses are first reverse-transcribed into single and then double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) copies. This dsDNA called proviral DNA then integrates into the host genome. Subsequently, the host cell transcribes the proviral DNA in concert with the chromosomal DNA. This leads to the production of viral RNA and proteins that assemble at the host...
Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R stands for...
Subviral Agents01:29

Subviral Agents

Subviral agents are infectious entities that resemble viruses but lack one or more viral components, such as a capsid or essential replication machinery. These agents include viroids, prions, and satellites, each possessing distinct structural and functional characteristics that influence their mode of infection and replication.Viroids are the simplest subviral agents, consisting of circular, single-stranded RNA molecules without a protein coat. They exclusively infect plants, relying entirely...

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Related Experiment Video

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In situ Subcellular Fractionation of Adherent and Non-adherent Mammalian Cells
09:20

In situ Subcellular Fractionation of Adherent and Non-adherent Mammalian Cells

Published on: July 23, 2010

The papillomavirus E7 proteins.

Ann Roman1, Karl Munger

  • 1Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.

Virology
|June 5, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) E7 proteins are crucial for viral replication and have potent transforming activities. This review summarizes research on HPV E7 proteins, essential for understanding viral oncogenesis.

Keywords:
Cervical cancerRegulation of cell cycle checkpointsRegulation of transcriptionTransformationViral life cycleViral oncology

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RNAscope for In situ Detection of Transcriptionally Active Human Papillomavirus in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
10:26

RNAscope for In situ Detection of Transcriptionally Active Human Papillomavirus in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Published on: March 11, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Human papillomavirus (HPV) E7 is an accessory protein not found in all papillomaviruses.
  • E7 shares conserved regions with adenovirus E1A and SV40 large tumor antigen.
  • The E7 carboxyl terminus contains a zinc-binding motif similar to E6 proteins.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive summary of published research on HPV E7 proteins.
  • To highlight the role of E7 in the viral life cycle and cellular reprogramming.
  • To discuss the transforming activities of E7 in cancer-associated HPV types.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of published research studies on HPV E7 proteins.
  • Analysis of conserved regions and functional motifs within E7.
  • Examination of E7's role in viral replication and cell transformation.

Main Results:

  • E7 proteins are central to the HPV life cycle, reprogramming cells for viral replication.
  • E7 proteins from cancer-associated alpha-HPV types exhibit potent transforming activities.
  • E7, along with E6, is necessary but not sufficient for squamous epithelial cell tumorigenesis.

Conclusions:

  • HPV E7 proteins are key viral factors involved in pathogenesis.
  • Understanding E7 function is critical for developing therapeutic strategies against HPV-induced cancers.
  • Further research on E7 is essential for comprehensive knowledge of HPV biology.