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Updated: May 10, 2026

In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of T, B and Myeloid Cells Suppressive Activity and Humoral Responses from Transplant Recipients

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Regulatory cells and transplantation tolerance.

Stephen P Cobbold¹, Herman Waldmann

¹Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom. stephen.cobbold@path.ox.ac.uk

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine

|June 5, 2013

Summary

Achieving transplantation tolerance requires understanding regulatory T cells (Tregs). These cells, expressing foxp3, are key to immune tolerance, but their mechanisms, including mTOR inhibition, are still being uncovered for human application.

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Functional Characterization of Regulatory Macrophages That Inhibit Graft-reactive Immunity

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Published on: June 7, 2017

Area of Science:

Immunology
Transplantation Biology
Cellular and Molecular Medicine

Background:

Transplantation tolerance remains a significant therapeutic challenge.
Regulatory T cells (Tregs), identified by foxp3 expression, are critical for achieving immune tolerance.
Current strategies for inducing tolerance are effective in mouse models but not yet in human clinical practice.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the fundamental mechanisms governing the induction and function of donor antigen-specific Tregs.
To identify key molecular pathways, such as mTOR inhibition, involved in Treg-mediated tolerance.
To provide a foundation for developing targeted therapies to enhance Treg activity in transplantation.

Main Methods:

This study focuses on the mechanistic understanding of Treg induction and function.
It reviews current knowledge on molecular pathways utilized by Tregs.
Emerging critical components like mTOR inhibition are highlighted.

Main Results:

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) expressing the transcription factor foxp3 are essential for transplantation tolerance.
Donor-specific Tregs play a crucial role in maintaining immune tolerance post-transplantation.
The molecular mechanisms underlying Treg function are diverse and complex, with components like mTOR inhibition recently identified.

Conclusions:

A deeper understanding of Treg induction and function is necessary for translating transplantation tolerance to human clinical practice.
Targeting specific molecular mechanisms, including mTOR inhibition, holds promise for enhancing Treg-mediated tolerance.
Further research into Treg biology is crucial for advancing immunosuppressive therapies and improving transplant outcomes.