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Education protects against cognitive changes associated with multiple sclerosis.

C Scarpazza¹, D Braghittoni, B Casale

¹Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.

Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience

|June 6, 2013

Summary

Higher education may protect against cognitive deficits in Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Faster Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT) speeds better reveal these cognitive differences in MS patients.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Clinical Neurology

Background:

Cognitive impairments are prevalent in Multiple Sclerosis (MS).
Cognitive deficit presentation varies significantly among MS patients.
Cognitive reserve and fatigue are potential modulating factors.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of education and occupation (cognitive reserve proxies) on cognitive performance in MS.
To assess the influence of perceived fatigue on cognitive function in MS patients.

Main Methods:

Fifty relapsing-remitting MS patients were assessed.
Cognitive performance was evaluated using the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT).
PASAT performance was analyzed across varying stimulus presentation speeds.

Main Results:

MS patients with lower education levels performed worse than controls on faster PASAT tasks.
No significant cognitive differences were found between highly educated MS patients and controls.
Neither occupational attainment nor perceived fatigue influenced cognitive performance in MS patients.

Conclusions:

Higher education may offer a protective effect against MS-associated cognitive deficits.
Faster PASAT versions are more effective in identifying cognitive compensatory capacities in MS.
Education level is a key factor in cognitive reserve for MS patients.