Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The iodine is then...
Transcytosis of IgG01:15

Transcytosis of IgG

Transcytosis is the process in which molecules are internalized by endocytosis, transported across the cell, and released through exocytosis from the opposite end of the cell. Molecules such as insulin, immunoglobulins, and certain nutrients are transferred through the recycling endosomes by recycling and transcytosis.
IgG molecules from a mother undergo transcytosis starting around 13 weeks of gestation. The amount of IgG transferred and entering the fetal blood circulation increases with...
Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
Intracellular Hormone Receptors01:08

Intracellular Hormone Receptors

Lipid-soluble hormones diffuse across the plasma and nuclear membrane of target cells to bind to their specific intracellular receptors. These receptors act as transcription factors that regulate gene expression and protein synthesis in the target cell
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
The Early Endosome: Endocytosis of Transferrin01:28

The Early Endosome: Endocytosis of Transferrin

Essential proteins such as insulin or low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and micronutrients such as iron enter a eukaryotic cell through receptor-mediated endocytosis. Subsequently, the early endosomes fuse with the vesicles containing such receptor-ligand complexes and play a vital role in sorting the incoming ligands and receptors. While the ligands are either degraded inside the vesicle or released into the cytosol, their receptors are returned to the plasma membrane for further rounds of...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Phenobarbital induction mediated by a distal CYP2B2 sequence in rat liver transiently transfected in situ.

The Journal of biological chemistry·1996
Same author

Induction of phosphoglycerate kinase 1 gene expression by hypoxia. Roles of Arnt and HIF1alpha.

The Journal of biological chemistry·1996
Same author

Identification of novel regions of deletion in familial Wilms' tumor by comparative genomic hybridization.

Cancer research·1996
Same author

Alternatively spliced cyclin C mRNA is widely expressed, cell cycle regulated, and encodes a truncated cyclin box.

Oncogene·1996
Same author

Emergence of preferred structures in a simple model of protein folding.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·1996
Same author

Developmental regulation of collagen differential expression in the rabbit bladder.

The Journal of urology·1996

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Demonstration of the Sequence Alignment to Predict Across Species Susceptibility Tool for Rapid Assessment of Protein Conservation
16:02

Demonstration of the Sequence Alignment to Predict Across Species Susceptibility Tool for Rapid Assessment of Protein Conservation

Published on: February 10, 2023

Transthyretin-thyroid hormone internalization by trophoblasts.

K A Landers1, H Li, V N Subramaniam

  • 1Conjoint Endocrine Laboratory, Clinical Research Centre, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital and Pathology Queensland, Herston, Queensland 4029, Australia. kerry.richard@qimr.edu.au

Placenta
|June 6, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Maternal thyroid hormone (TH) is vital for fetal neurological development. Transthyretin (TTR) may transfer TH, and research suggests low-density lipoprotein receptors mediate TTR-TH uptake by trophoblast cells.

More Related Videos

Single Cell Collection of Trophoblast Cells in Peri-implantation Stage Human Embryos
08:50

Single Cell Collection of Trophoblast Cells in Peri-implantation Stage Human Embryos

Published on: June 12, 2020

A Primary Human Trophoblast Model to Study the Effect of Inflammation Associated with Maternal Obesity on Regulation of Autophagy in the Placenta
11:44

A Primary Human Trophoblast Model to Study the Effect of Inflammation Associated with Maternal Obesity on Regulation of Autophagy in the Placenta

Published on: September 27, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 10, 2026

Demonstration of the Sequence Alignment to Predict Across Species Susceptibility Tool for Rapid Assessment of Protein Conservation
16:02

Demonstration of the Sequence Alignment to Predict Across Species Susceptibility Tool for Rapid Assessment of Protein Conservation

Published on: February 10, 2023

Single Cell Collection of Trophoblast Cells in Peri-implantation Stage Human Embryos
08:50

Single Cell Collection of Trophoblast Cells in Peri-implantation Stage Human Embryos

Published on: June 12, 2020

A Primary Human Trophoblast Model to Study the Effect of Inflammation Associated with Maternal Obesity on Regulation of Autophagy in the Placenta
11:44

A Primary Human Trophoblast Model to Study the Effect of Inflammation Associated with Maternal Obesity on Regulation of Autophagy in the Placenta

Published on: September 27, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Cell Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Normal fetal neurological development requires maternal thyroid hormone (TH).
  • Transthyretin (TTR) is a TH-binding protein synthesized and internalized by trophoblast cells, potentially facilitating TH transfer to the fetus.
  • The mechanism of TTR-mediated TH transfer across the placenta is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether a low-density lipoprotein receptor family member mediates the internalization of transthyretin (TTR) or TTR-thyroid hormone (TH) complexes by trophoblast cells.
  • To elucidate the endocytic pathway involved in TTR-TH uptake.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized JEG-3 cells, a human choriocarcinoma cell line representing trophoblast cells.
  • Assessed the effect of receptor-associated protein (RAP) and albumin on TTR-TH internalization.
  • Investigated endocytic mechanisms potentially involving the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) pathway.

Main Results:

  • TTR-TH internalization by JEG-3 cells was significantly reduced in the presence of receptor-associated protein (RAP).
  • Albumin also inhibited TTR-TH internalization, further supporting a receptor-mediated process.
  • These findings suggest that TTR-TH uptake occurs via an endocytic pathway dependent on low-density lipoprotein receptors.

Conclusions:

  • Low-density lipoprotein receptors likely mediate the internalization of TTR-TH complexes by trophoblast cells.
  • This receptor-mediated endocytosis represents a potential mechanism for maternal-fetal thyroid hormone transfer.
  • Further research into this pathway could offer insights into managing fetal thyroid hormone supply and neurological development.