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Bacterial meningitis post-PCV7: declining incidence and treatment
Rachel H Kowalsky1, David M Jaffe
1Departments of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY 10021, USA. rak9043@med.cornell.edu
Pediatric Emergency Care
|June 6, 2013
Summary
The introduction of the Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine and the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) has significantly reduced bacterial meningitis cases in the US. Streptococcus pneumoniae is now the leading cause.
Area of Science:
- * Infectious disease epidemiology
- * Vaccinology
- * Pediatric infectious diseases
Background:
- * Bacterial meningitis epidemiology has shifted significantly over the past two decades in the United States.
- * The widespread use of the Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine has led to a >97% decline in Hib meningitis.
- * Streptococcus pneumoniae has become the predominant cause of bacterial meningitis.
Purpose of the Study:
- * To review the impact of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) on bacterial meningitis.
- * To present current evidence on the diagnosis and empiric treatment of bacterial meningitis.
Main Methods:
- * Review of epidemiological data on bacterial meningitis trends.
- * Analysis of the impact of PCV7 introduction on meningitis incidence and serotype distribution.
- * Synthesis of current diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines for bacterial meningitis.
Main Results:
- * The PCV7 vaccine has profoundly impacted the incidence and epidemiology of bacterial meningitis since its introduction in 2000.
- * Significant shifts in causative agents and serotype prevalence have been observed post-PCV7 vaccination.
- * Updated diagnostic and treatment strategies are necessary to address the current landscape of bacterial meningitis.
Conclusions:
- * Vaccination strategies, particularly PCV7, have dramatically altered the epidemiology of bacterial meningitis.
- * Current clinical practice must adapt to evolving diagnostic and therapeutic challenges posed by bacterial meningitis.
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