Super-Gaussian apodization in ground based telescopes for high contrast coronagraph imaging.

Area of Science:

• Astronomy and Astrophysics
• Optical Engineering

Background:

• Ground-based coronagraphs are crucial for exoplanet detection.
• Improving imaging contrast is essential for detecting faint exoplanets near bright stars.
• Wavefront aberrations in telescopes can limit coronagraph performance.

Purpose of the Study:

• To introduce and evaluate Super-Gaussian apodizing functions for ground-based coronagraphs.
• To assess the impact of Super-Gaussian apodization on imaging contrast and exoplanet detection.
• To compare the performance of Super-Gaussian apodizers with traditional methods.

Main Methods:

• Describing the properties of Super-Gaussian functions.
• Estimating the second-order moment in pupil and Fourier planes.
• Applying Super-Gaussian functions to telescope pupil and/or coronagraph Lyot planes.
• Utilizing Lucky Imaging technique for frame selection.

Main Results:

• Super-Gaussian apodization can reduce exoplanet detection distance by up to 45% for moderately aberrated wavefronts.
• Compared to prolate spheroidal functions, Super-Gaussian apodizers allow up to 3 times brighter planet light.
• Combining apodization with frame selection offers significant improvements in detection capabilities.

Conclusions:

• Super-Gaussian apodizing functions are effective in enhancing imaging contrast for ground-based coronagraphs.
• This technique offers a significant advantage in exoplanet detection distance and sensitivity.
• The combination of Super-Gaussian apodization and Lucky Imaging presents a powerful approach for future exoplanet studies.