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Vitamin D status and cardiometabolic assessment in infancy
Simone Kew1, Jill K Hamilton, Chang Ye
1Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Insights
Vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency in 1-year-old infants is not linked to adverse cardiometabolic risk factors. This study found no significant differences in key health markers regardless of vitamin D status.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Nutritional Science
- Cardiovascular Health
Background:
- Infants face high risk of vitamin D insufficiency due to limited sun exposure and low levels in breast milk.
- Vitamin D insufficiency is linked to cardiometabolic risks in children, but this has not been studied in infants.
- Infants have unique risks that warrant investigation into vitamin D status and cardiometabolic health.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine if vitamin D status is associated with cardiometabolic measures in 1-year-old infants.
- Investigate the relationship between 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels and various cardiometabolic risk factors.
- Assess traditional and emerging cardiometabolic markers in relation to infant vitamin D levels.
Main Methods:
- Evaluated 99 full-term infants at 1 year of age.
- Measured 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-OH-D) and cardiometabolic risk factors (glucose, insulin, lipids, CRP, adiponectin, leptin).
- Classified infants into vitamin D sufficient (n=59), insufficient (n=29), or deficient (n=11) groups based on 25-OH-D levels.
Main Results:
- No significant differences in any cardiometabolic risk factors were observed among the three vitamin D groups.
- Analyses were performed both unadjusted and adjusted for relevant covariates.
- Vitamin D-deficient infants showed higher rates of exclusive breastfeeding and nonwhite ethnicity.
Conclusions:
- Vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency is not associated with an adverse cardiometabolic risk factor profile in 1-year-old infants.
- Current findings suggest that vitamin D status alone may not impact infant cardiometabolic health at this age.
- Further research may explore other contributing factors to infant cardiometabolic health.
Background:
Infants are at risk of vitamin D insufficiency, owing to their limited exposure to direct sunlight and the low levels of vitamin D in breast milk. Although vitamin D insufficiency has been associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in children, these associations have not been studied in infants, despite their unique risks. Therefore, we sought to determine whether vitamin D status was associated with cardiometabolic measures in infants.
Methods:
Ninety-nine full-term infants were evaluated at the age of 1 y with measurement of 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-OH-D) and an array of traditional (fasting glucose, insulin, low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides) and emerging (C-reactive protein, adiponectin, leptin) cardiometabolic risk factors. On the basis of 25-OH-D levels, infants were classified as vitamin D sufficient (n = 59), vitamin D insufficient (n = 29), or vitamin D deficient (n = 11).
Results:
Duration of exclusive breastfeeding and prevalence of nonwhite ethnicity were highest in the vitamin D-deficient group (P = 0.05 and 0.03, respectively). Current use of vitamin D supplementation was highest in the sufficient group (P = 0.02). Of note, however, there were no significant differences among the three groups in any of the cardiometabolic risk factors, on both unadjusted and covariate-adjusted analyses.
Conclusion:
Vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency is not associated with an adverse cardiometabolic risk factor profile in 1-y-old infants.
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