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Related Concept Videos

What are Viruses?00:50

What are Viruses?

Overview
Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria01:10

Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria

Intracellular bacteria and viruses often comprise a group of highly infectious pathogens that can cause several diseases. Bacterial pathogens include those belonging to the genus Rickettsia responsible for conditions such as rocky mountain spotted fever and the Mediterranean spotted fever; Chlamydia, a genus responsible for a sexually transmitted disease; Coxiella burnetii, an agent responsible for Q fever. Viral pathogens include vaccinia—a poxvirus, and herpes simplex virus—a virus that...
Introduction to Virus01:28

Introduction to Virus

Viruses are unique biological entities that blur the boundary between living and non-living systems. Although they lack cellular structure and metabolic processes, they can exhibit characteristics of life when infecting a host. Their defining feature is a nucleic acid core, composed of either DNA or RNA, encapsulated within a protein coat called a capsid. This simple structure allows them to invade host cells and use their machinery for replication efficiently.Viral Structure and...
Viral Structure00:56

Viral Structure

Viruses are extraordinarily diverse in shape and size, but they all have several structural features in common. All viruses have a core that contains a DNA- or RNA-based genome. The core is surrounded by a protective coat of proteins called the capsid. The capsid is composed of subunits called capsomeres. The capsid and genome-containing core are together known as the nucleocapsid.
Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the retrovirus to...
Viral Mutations00:36

Viral Mutations

A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material for adaptive...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Correlative Light Electron Microscopy (CLEM) for Tracking and Imaging Viral Protein Associated Structures in Cryo-immobilized Cells
09:18

Correlative Light Electron Microscopy (CLEM) for Tracking and Imaging Viral Protein Associated Structures in Cryo-immobilized Cells

Published on: September 7, 2018

Virus morphogenesis in the cell: methods and observations.

Cristina Risco1, Isabel Fernández de Castro

  • 1Cell Structure Laboratory, Department of Macromolecular Structure, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CSIC), c/Darwin 3, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain, crisco@cnb.csic.es.

Sub-Cellular Biochemistry
|June 6, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Viruses build "virus factories" within host cells using cellular components. Advanced imaging and molecular tools help scientists visualize and understand this complex viral replication process.

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Simple and Robust in vivo and in vitro Approach for Studying Virus Assembly
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Simple and Robust in vivo and in vitro Approach for Studying Virus Assembly

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Last Updated: May 10, 2026

Correlative Light Electron Microscopy (CLEM) for Tracking and Imaging Viral Protein Associated Structures in Cryo-immobilized Cells
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Correlative Light Electron Microscopy (CLEM) for Tracking and Imaging Viral Protein Associated Structures in Cryo-immobilized Cells

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Modeling The Lifecycle Of Ebola Virus Under Biosafety Level 2 Conditions With Virus-like Particles Containing Tetracistronic Minigenomes
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Modeling The Lifecycle Of Ebola Virus Under Biosafety Level 2 Conditions With Virus-like Particles Containing Tetracistronic Minigenomes

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Simple and Robust in vivo and in vitro Approach for Studying Virus Assembly
09:47

Simple and Robust in vivo and in vitro Approach for Studying Virus Assembly

Published on: March 1, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Viruses replicate inside host cells, synthesizing proteins not used in new viral particles.
  • Some viral proteins induce the formation of cellular structures called "virus factories" that facilitate viral replication and assembly.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the complexity of virus-host interactions during the formation of virus factories.
  • To highlight advanced methodologies for characterizing these interactions and understanding viral morphogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing conventional virology, biochemistry, and cell biology techniques.
  • Employing genome-scale screening and global proteomics for factor identification.
  • Applying advanced microscopy (light, electron, electron tomography) and in situ molecular mapping.

Main Results:

  • Identification of cellular factors crucial for viral life cycle stages.
  • Visualization of immature viral intermediates, mature virions, and recruited cellular elements within their native environment.
  • Demonstration of the utility of combined methodologies in studying viral morphogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • Advanced tools are crucial for unraveling the intricate cell biology of viral morphogenesis.
  • Future research will further elucidate the mechanisms of virus factory formation and viral replication.