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Related Concept Videos

Birth Control Methods01:22

Birth Control Methods

Vasectomy is a surgical form of male sterilization that involves severing and sealing the vasa deferentia, preventing sperm from mixing with semen during ejaculation. Because a vasectomy does not impact the testes' ability to produce testosterone, hormone levels, libido, and sexual function generally remain unchanged. While vasectomy is highly effective in preventing pregnancy, with a success rate near 99.85%, rare cases of recanalization (spontaneous reconnection) can occur. Although vasectomy...
Drug Control Governance: Regulatory Bodies and Their Impact01:03

Drug Control Governance: Regulatory Bodies and Their Impact

Drug control governance involves the oversight and regulation of pharmaceuticals to ensure their safety and efficacy while preventing illegal drug use and trafficking. Regulatory bodies, including the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Union's European Medicines Agency (EMA), play a central role in this process. These agencies evaluate the safety and efficacy of drugs before they can be marketed. They fund clinical trials and assess the benefits and risks associated with a...
Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems01:21

Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems

Controlled-release systems for intravaginal and intrauterine drug delivery have been developed primarily for the administration of contraceptive steroid hormones. These delivery routes circumvent first-pass hepatic metabolism, thereby enhancing bioavailability and allowing for reduced systemic dosages compared to oral administration. Such approaches contribute to improved therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance, particularly in long-term contraceptive regimens.Intravaginal Drug Delivery...
Ovarian Cycle01:27

Ovarian Cycle

The menstrual cycle includes a critical component known as the ovarian cycle, which undergoes two main phases each month—the follicular phase and the luteal phase. The follicular phase is variable and averaging around 14 days. Ovulation, triggered by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH), marks the transition between the two phases. The second phase, the luteal phase, is relatively consistent, lasting approximately 14 days, and is marked by the activity of the corpus luteum. While a cycle length...
Gonadal and Placental Hormones01:24

Gonadal and Placental Hormones

The gonads, namely the testes in males and the ovaries in females, are pivotal in producing gonadal hormones that orchestrate the intricate processes of sexual development and reproduction.
In males, testosterone is the primary gonadal androgen. It plays a central role in the maturation of male reproductive organs — the penis and testes. Additionally, testosterone is instrumental in the development of secondary sexual characteristics — a deep voice as well as facial and pubic hair growth — and...
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PK–PD modeling has significantly influenced FDA regulatory decisions, particularly drug approval, dosage optimization, and labeling. These models integrate pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) to predict drug behavior and effects, aiding in optimizing dosing regimens and enhancing the probability of clinical trial success.One notable example is Nesiritide (Natrecor®), a recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide for treating acute decompensated congestive heart failure (CHF).

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Updated: May 10, 2026

Auricular Point Acupressure Therapy: A Safe and Effective Treatment for Postsurgical Abortion Recovery
07:28

Auricular Point Acupressure Therapy: A Safe and Effective Treatment for Postsurgical Abortion Recovery

Published on: February 3, 2026

Plan B and the German Catholic bishops.

Douglas C Anderson1, Dennis M Sullivan

  • 1Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, Cedarville University, Cedarville, OH, USA. andersond@cedarville.edu

The Annals of Pharmacotherapy
|June 6, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Germany's Catholic bishops permit levonorgestrel emergency contraception (EC) for rape cases, citing lack of abortifacient evidence. This decision highlights the importance of basing bioethics on scientific literature alongside faith.

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Published on: February 14, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Bioethics
  • Reproductive Health
  • Religious Doctrine

Background:

  • The Catholic Church traditionally opposes most forms of birth control.
  • Recent German Catholic bishops' ruling addresses emergency contraception (EC).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report on the German Catholic bishops' ruling regarding levonorgestrel EC.
  • To emphasize the role of scientific evidence in bioethical considerations.

Main Methods:

  • Review of the German Catholic bishops' official statement.
  • Analysis of the theological and scientific basis for the ruling.

Main Results:

  • Levonorgestrel EC was deemed acceptable for pregnancy prevention in cases of rape.
  • The ruling was based on a perceived lack of evidence for EC acting as an abortifacient.

Conclusions:

  • The ruling signifies a notable shift in Catholic doctrine concerning contraception.
  • Bioethical decisions require integration of current scientific literature with moral and religious principles.