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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...
lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...
Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...
Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...
Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay02:27

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...
Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay02:27

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Optogenetic Phase Transition of TDP-43 in Spinal Motor Neurons of Zebrafish Larvae
07:14

Optogenetic Phase Transition of TDP-43 in Spinal Motor Neurons of Zebrafish Larvae

Published on: February 25, 2022

Noncoding RNAs in Neurodegenerative Diseases.

Shraddha D Rege1, Thangiah Geetha, Satyanarayana R Pondugula

  • 1Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.

ISRN Neurology
|June 6, 2013
PubMed
Summary

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators in the central nervous system, controlling gene expression. Their dysregulation is linked to neurodegenerative diseases, offering potential diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 10, 2026

Optogenetic Phase Transition of TDP-43 in Spinal Motor Neurons of Zebrafish Larvae
07:14

Optogenetic Phase Transition of TDP-43 in Spinal Motor Neurons of Zebrafish Larvae

Published on: February 25, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Noncoding RNAs, particularly microRNAs (miRNAs), play critical roles in central nervous system development and function.
  • These roles include neurogenesis, neural stem cell regulation, neurotransmission, synaptic plasticity, and DNA damage responses.
  • Dysregulation of these processes is implicated in various neurological disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the biogenesis and diverse functions of noncoding RNAs, with a specific focus on microRNAs (miRNAs).
  • To explore the misregulation of miRNAs in the context of neurodegenerative diseases.
  • To discuss the potential of miRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for these conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on noncoding RNA and miRNA function in the central nervous system.
  • Analysis of research linking miRNA expression changes to neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis.
  • Examination of current and emerging therapeutic strategies involving miRNAs.

Main Results:

  • MicroRNAs are identified as chief regulators of gene expression, essential for numerous CNS functions.
  • Altered miRNA expression levels are consistently observed in patients with neurodegenerative diseases.
  • Evidence suggests miRNAs can serve as reliable diagnostic biomarkers and effective therapeutic agents.

Conclusions:

  • MicroRNAs are crucial for maintaining CNS health and function.
  • Aberrant miRNA expression is a hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases.
  • Targeting miRNAs presents a promising avenue for diagnosing and treating neurodegenerative disorders.