Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer is an enzyme that can...
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying DNA...
Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
The Nucleosome Core Particle01:12

The Nucleosome Core Particle

Nucleosomes are the DNA-histone complex, where the DNA strand is wound around the histone core. The histone core is an octamer containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins.
Nucleosomes, paradoxically, perform two opposite functions simultaneously. On the one hand, their primary aim is to protect the delicate DNA strands from physical damage and help achieve a higher compaction ratio. On the other hand, they must allow polymerase enzymes to access histone-bound DNA during...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Epstein-Barr virus type 2 latently infects T cells, inducing an atypical activation characterized by expression of lymphotactic cytokines.

Journal of virology·2014
Same author

A novel effect of parylene-based surface coating on HepG2 cell function.

Materials science & engineering. C, Materials for biological applications·2014
Same author

Histone modifications associated with cancer cell migration and invasion.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2014
Same author

Arthritis and bacteremia due to Leclercia adecarboxylata.

Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan)·2014
Same author

An on-chip small intestine-liver model for pharmacokinetic studies.

Journal of laboratory automation·2014
Same author

Coordinated expression of H3K9 histone methyltransferases during tooth development in mice.

Histochemistry and cell biology·2014
Same journal

Towards sustainable hereditary breast and ovarian cancer surveillance: insights from a single-center survey.

Journal of human genetics·2026
Same journal

Age-dependent association of the METTL23 c.84+60delAT variant with normal-tension glaucoma.

Journal of human genetics·2026
Same journal

Haplotype analysis of spinocerebellar ataxia type 36 suggests a shared permissive core haplotype across populations.

Journal of human genetics·2026
Same journal

Activation of cryptic donor splice site due to an exonic MYPN variant in congenital myopathy.

Journal of human genetics·2026
Same journal

The importance of integrating genetic testing into reproductive medicine: a retrospective observational study investigating the monogenic causes of human infertility in couples considering ICSI.

Journal of human genetics·2026
Same journal

Functional effect predictions for ion channel missense variants using a protein language model.

Journal of human genetics·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Complete Workflow for Analysis of Histone Post-translational Modifications Using Bottom-up Mass Spectrometry: From Histone Extraction to Data Analysis
11:02

Complete Workflow for Analysis of Histone Post-translational Modifications Using Bottom-up Mass Spectrometry: From Histone Extraction to Data Analysis

Published on: May 17, 2016

Histone modifications for human epigenome analysis.

Hiroshi Kimura1

  • 1Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan. hkimura@fbs.osaka-u.ac.jp

Journal of Human Genetics
|June 7, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Histone modifications are key epigenetic indicators of gene activity. Specific histone H3 marks, like H3K4me3 and H3K27ac, signal active genes and enhancers, while H3K9me3 and H3K27me3 indicate repression.

More Related Videos

Unveiling Histone Proteoforms using 2D-TAU Gel Electrophoresis
07:20

Unveiling Histone Proteoforms using 2D-TAU Gel Electrophoresis

Published on: October 18, 2024

Global Level Quantification of Histone Post-Translational Modifications in a 3D Cell Culture Model of Hepatic Tissue
08:12

Global Level Quantification of Histone Post-Translational Modifications in a 3D Cell Culture Model of Hepatic Tissue

Published on: May 5, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 10, 2026

Complete Workflow for Analysis of Histone Post-translational Modifications Using Bottom-up Mass Spectrometry: From Histone Extraction to Data Analysis
11:02

Complete Workflow for Analysis of Histone Post-translational Modifications Using Bottom-up Mass Spectrometry: From Histone Extraction to Data Analysis

Published on: May 17, 2016

Unveiling Histone Proteoforms using 2D-TAU Gel Electrophoresis
07:20

Unveiling Histone Proteoforms using 2D-TAU Gel Electrophoresis

Published on: October 18, 2024

Global Level Quantification of Histone Post-Translational Modifications in a 3D Cell Culture Model of Hepatic Tissue
08:12

Global Level Quantification of Histone Post-Translational Modifications in a 3D Cell Culture Model of Hepatic Tissue

Published on: May 5, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics and Molecular Biology
  • Genomics and Gene Regulation

Background:

  • Histone modifications are crucial regulators of gene expression, influencing chromatin states.
  • Specific post-translational modifications on histone H3 serve as epigenetic markers for gene activation and repression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the role of specific histone H3 modifications in epigenome profiling.
  • To provide insights into interpreting histone modification data for human genetics studies.

Main Methods:

  • Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-based methods are used to analyze histone modification enrichments.
  • Antibodies targeting site-specific histone modifications are essential for ChIP analysis.
  • Careful consideration of antibody specificity is critical for accurate data interpretation.

Main Results:

  • Active transcription start sites are marked by H3K4me3 and H3K27ac.
  • Active enhancers are identified by H3K4me1 and H3K27ac.
  • Gene bodies of active genes show H3K36me3 enrichment.
  • Gene repression involves H3K9me3 and H3K27me3.

Conclusions:

  • Histone modifications provide valuable epigenetic indicators of gene regulation.
  • Analyzing histone modifications alongside DNA methylation aids in deciphering epigenome states for human genetics.
  • Understanding these marks is vital for interpreting chromatin states and gene expression patterns.