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Physical Properties Affecting Solubility

Physical Properties Affecting Solubility

Solutions of Gases in Liquids
As for any solution, the solubility of a gas in a liquid is affected by the attractive intermolecular forces between solute and solvent species. Unlike solid and liquid solutes, however, there is no solute-solute intermolecular attraction to overcome when a gaseous solute dissolves in a liquid solvent since the atoms or molecules comprising a gas are far separated and experience negligible interactions. Consequently, solute-solvent interactions are the sole...

Curing of Concrete

Curing of Concrete

The hydration of cement takes place within the water-filled capillary pores. However, environmental elements can disrupt this process by evaporating water from the concrete surfaces. Sealed concrete with a water-cement ratio below 0.5 experiences self-desiccation, leading to water loss. The water loss in concrete is mitigated by curing. This technique involves keeping the concrete saturated to maintain the necessary temperature and moisture conditions, to optimally fill the spaces in the cement...

Solubility

Solubility

Solution, Solubility, and Solubility Equilibrium
A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of a solvent, the major component, and a solute, the minor component. The physical state of a solution—solid, liquid, or gas—is typically the same as that of the solvent. Solute concentrations are often described with qualitative terms such as dilute (of relatively low concentration) and concentrated (of relatively high concentration).
In a solution, the solute particles (molecules, atoms, and/or ions)...

Factors Affecting Solubility

Factors Affecting Solubility

Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Chȃtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:

Curing Methods

Curing Methods

Concrete members with a small surface-to-volume ratio are cured by oiling and moistening the forms before casting the concrete member. These forms can be left in place for a prolonged period to prevent moisture loss, and can be wetted if made of a material suitable for wetting. If the forms are removed early, the concrete member is moistened and covered with polythene sheets to maintain moisture. For large horizontal concrete surfaces exposed to dry weather, a temporary covering is suspended...

Porosity and Absorption of Aggregate

Porosity and Absorption of Aggregate

Aggregates contain pores of varying sizes; while some are completely enclosed within the particles, others open onto the surface, allowing water to penetrate. The porosity of aggregates is a major factor contributing to the overall porosity of concrete, given that aggregates constitute about three-quarters of concrete's volume.
When all pores in an aggregate are filled with water, the aggregate is considered saturated and surface-dry. If left in dry air, water will evaporate until the aggregate...

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Updated: May 10, 2026

Evaluation of the Curing of Adhesive Systems by Rheological and Thermal Testing

Evaluation of the Curing of Adhesive Systems by Rheological and Thermal Testing

Published on: July 3, 2020

Temperature and curing time affect composite sorption and solubility.

Fabrício Luscino Alves de Castro¹, Bruno Barbosa Campos, Kely Firmino Bruno

¹Dental Materials and Operative Dentistry, Paulista University, Goiânia, GO, Brazil. fabriciocastro.odontogo@unip.br

Journal of Applied Oral Science : Revista FOB

|June 7, 2013

Summary

Higher temperatures and longer curing times significantly reduce composite resin sorption and solubility. These factors are crucial for optimizing dental material performance and longevity.

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Area of Science:

Dental Materials Science
Polymer Chemistry

Background:

Composite resins are widely used in restorative dentistry.
Understanding factors influencing their physical properties is crucial for clinical success.
Sorption and solubility can affect the durability and longevity of dental restorations.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the impact of varying temperatures and curing times on the sorption and solubility of a specific composite resin.
To determine optimal conditions for minimizing water sorption and material loss.

Main Methods:

Seventy-five composite resin specimens were prepared and subjected to three temperatures (10°C, 25°C, 60°C) and five curing times (5s, 10s, 20s, 40s, 60s).
Specimens were weighed before and after storage in an alcohol/water solution to calculate sorption and solubility.
Statistical analysis using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U Tests was performed.

Main Results:

Both curing time and temperature significantly influenced composite sorption and solubility (p<0.05).
Higher temperatures (60°C) generally resulted in lower sorption and solubility compared to lower temperatures (10°C, 25°C).
Longer curing times (40s, 60s) also tended to decrease sorption and solubility, particularly at higher temperatures.

Conclusions:

Increased temperature and extended curing times generally lead to reduced sorption and solubility in the tested composite resin.
Specific combinations of temperature and curing time significantly impact these properties, highlighting the importance of controlled application.
These findings can inform clinical protocols to enhance the stability and longevity of dental composite restorations.