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Bone marrow examination in pancytopenia.

M Rangaswamy¹, Prabhu, N M Nandini

¹Department of Pathology, JSS Medical College, Mysore 570015.

Journal of the Indian Medical Association

|June 8, 2013

Summary

Pancytopenia, a reduction in all blood cell types, is often caused by bone marrow disorders. This study found megaloblastic anemia to be the most frequent cause in 100 patients.

Area of Science:

Hematology
Internal Medicine
Pathology

Background:

Pancytopenia is characterized by a decrease in all three blood cell lineages.
It can arise from various primary or secondary bone marrow disorders.
Accurate diagnosis relies heavily on detailed hematological investigations.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the etiological spectrum of pancytopenia.
To analyze the clinical and hematological profile of pancytopenia patients.
To highlight the diagnostic challenges in the Indian subcontinent.

Main Methods:

A retrospective study of 100 pancytopenia cases over two years.
Inclusion of clinical and hematological data, including complete blood counts and bone marrow examination.

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Analysis of patient demographics, presenting complaints, and laboratory findings.

Main Results:

Megaloblastic anemia (33%) was the most common cause, followed by nutritional anemia (16%) and aplastic anemia (14%).
The majority of patients were young adults (11-30 years) with a male predominance (1.6:1).
Common symptoms included generalized weakness and fatigue (88%); bone marrow was hypercellular in 75% of cases.

Conclusions:

Pancytopenia presents a diagnostic challenge due to its diverse etiologies.
Comprehensive clinical and hematological evaluation is crucial for identifying the underlying cause.
Pancytopenia requires greater attention in the Indian subcontinent.