Xanthogranulomatous oophoritis: pathologic findings with clinical correlation

Area of Science:

• Pathology
• Gynecologic Oncology

Background:

• Xanthogranulomatous inflammation is a rare, destructive inflammatory process.
• It involves lipid-laden macrophages and other inflammatory cells.
• Ovarian involvement is exceptionally uncommon.

Observation:

• A case of xanthogranulomatous inflammation exclusively involving the ovary is presented.
• The patient exhibited fever, an abdominal mass, and Escherichia coli infection.
• Histological examination revealed characteristic inflammatory cell infiltrates and necrosis.

Findings:

• This case highlights the rare presentation of xanthogranulomatous inflammation in the ovary.
• The condition mimicked ovarian malignancy clinically and radiologically.
• Escherichia coli infection was identified as a potential contributing factor.

Implications:

• Accurate diagnosis of ovarian xanthogranulomatous inflammation is critical.
• Misdiagnosis can lead to unnecessary radical surgery.
• Awareness of this entity aids in appropriate patient management and avoids overtreatment.