Training models in laparoscopy: a systematic review comparing their effectiveness in learning surgical skills

Area of Science:

• Medical Education
• Surgical Training Simulation
• Minimally Invasive Surgery

Background:

• Traditional surgical training in the operating room is time-consuming and can impact patient outcomes.
• Variable effectiveness of traditional methods necessitates exploration of alternative training models.
• Development of surgical training models aims to enhance skill acquisition and patient safety.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review and compare the effectiveness of various laparoscopic surgical training models.
• To evaluate virtual reality (VR), video trainer (VT), robotic simulations, and cadaveric models against traditional training.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review of randomized clinical trials and cross-over studies.
• Searched databases: Pubmed, CENTRAL, and Science Citation Index Expanded.
• Included studies comparing training models, including comparisons to no training.

Main Results:

• Fifty-eight trials with 1591 participants were included; four had low risk of bias.
• Virtual reality (VR) and video trainer (VT) significantly improve surgical skills compared to no training.
• VR and VT demonstrate comparable effectiveness; VR training is superior to unstructured traditional operating room training.

Conclusions:

• Virtual reality (VR) and video trainer (VT) are validated and effective surgical teaching models.
• A combined approach of VR and VT is recommended for surgical curricula.
• Further research is needed to establish the comparative effectiveness of other training models.