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Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.

Allergic Reactions

Allergic Reactions

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:

Asthma-III: Symptoms and Complications

Asthma-III: Symptoms and Complications

Asthma, a common chronic respiratory condition, is classified considering the frequency and severity of symptoms alongside lung function impairment. Understanding this classification is essential for appropriate treatment and management. Here's a detailed look at the classification of asthma and its clinical features and complications:
Classification of Asthma

Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs

Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs

Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition for which new therapeutic avenues, including anti-inflammatory drugs like mast cell stabilizers and anti-IgE treatments, continue to be developed.
Mast cell stabilizers, such as cromolyn (also known as sodium cromoglycate) and nedocromil (Tilade), are effective drugs in asthma management. These stabilizers hinder histamine release by skillfully obstructing the activation of mast cells and other cellular entities. Notably, they navigate this task without...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Three-Dimensional Cell Culture Models to Investigate the Epithelial Barrier in Eosinophilic Esophagitis

Three-Dimensional Cell Culture Models to Investigate the Epithelial Barrier in Eosinophilic Esophagitis

Published on: May 10, 2024

The consequences of not having eosinophils.

G J Gleich¹, A D Klion, J J Lee

¹University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84132-2409, USA. gerald.gleich@hsc.utah.edu

|June 8, 2013

Summary

Eosinophil deficiency does not cause health problems in humans or mice. Monoclonal antibodies targeting interleukin-5 (IL-5) are safe and effective for treating eosinophil-associated diseases.

Keywords:

anti-interleukin 5 deficiency eosinophil thymoma

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Methodology for Sputum Induction and Laboratory Processing

Methodology for Sputum Induction and Laboratory Processing

Published on: December 17, 2017

Area of Science:

Immunology
Hematology

Background:

Eosinophils are a type of white blood cell involved in immune responses.
The precise role of eosinophils in mammalian health has been debated.
Previous studies have not identified specific health issues linked to eosinophil deficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the health consequences of eosinophil deficiency.
To assess the safety and tolerability of therapies that reduce eosinophil levels.

Main Methods:

Review of clinical data from patients with eosinophil deficiency.
Analysis of data from animal models lacking eosinophils.
Examination of safety data for monoclonal antibodies targeting interleukin-5 (IL-5) and its receptor.

Main Results:

Eosinophil-deficient individuals and mice do not exhibit characteristic abnormalities or health failures.
Long-term administration of anti-IL-5 monoclonal antibodies (mepolizumab, reslizumab) has shown good tolerability in patients.
Limited but available data suggest benralizumab is also well tolerated.

Conclusions:

Eosinophil reduction does not appear to cause adverse health effects.
Monoclonal antibodies that deplete eosinophils are safe and have potential for treating eosinophil-associated diseases.