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Related Concept Videos

Causes of Social Behavior II: Cognitive Processes01:15

Causes of Social Behavior II: Cognitive Processes

Cognitive processes affect social behavior by guiding how individuals perceive, interpret, and respond to social stimuli. These mental processes enable individuals to assess others' behaviors, attribute causes to their actions, and form expectations based on past experiences.Causes of Behavior and Social JudgmentsIndividuals determine the causes of others' behaviors by distinguishing between personal traits and external circumstances. For example, if a friend frequently arrives late, an...
Causes of Social Behavior I: Actions and Characteristics of Individuals01:30

Causes of Social Behavior I: Actions and Characteristics of Individuals

The actions and characteristics of others heavily influence the causes of social behaviors. Emotional expressions serve as powerful social signals, shaping behaviors and interactions in significant ways. Whether through direct observation or subconscious processing, individuals constantly adjust their responses based on the emotions and attributes of those around them.Emotional Cues and Social ResponsesFacial expressions, tone of voice, and body language provide crucial emotional cues that...
Social Facilitation01:04

Social Facilitation

Not all intergroup interactions lead to negative outcomes. Sometimes, being in a group situation can improve performance. Social facilitation occurs when an individual performs better when an audience is watching than when the individual performs the behavior alone. This typically occurs when people are performing a task for which they are skilled.
Causes of Social Behavior III: Biological and Environmental Influences01:28

Causes of Social Behavior III: Biological and Environmental Influences

Social behavior is a complex phenomenon that arises from the interaction between biological predispositions and environmental influences. This intricate interplay shapes how individuals think, feel, and act in various social contexts. Understanding these mechanisms requires insights from psychology, neuroscience, genetics, and evolutionary theory.Environmental Influences on Social BehaviorEnvironmental factors, including temperature, odors, and visual stimuli, play a crucial role in shaping...
Impact of Individuals on Individuals01:30

Impact of Individuals on Individuals

Human behavior is intricately shaped by social influences that arise from interactions with others in diverse contexts. These influences not only mold beliefs and attitudes but also drive the regulation of behaviors through both direct communication and observational learning. The study of these processes falls within the domain of social psychology, which seeks to understand how individuals are affected by and affect those around them.Mechanisms of Social InfluenceDirect social influence...
Framing Effects03:26

Framing Effects

Information is everywhere and its presentation—such as how and when items are presented—can impact our perceptions and decisions surrounding the info. This broad concept umbrellas framing effects—influences that occur due to the way information is framed in its appearance, whether it’s purely the order or the specific wording of a message. Let’s take a look at numerous ways in which two versions of something can objectively say the same thing, yet we respond in different ways based on the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies
08:24

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: August 25, 2023

IOR effects in a social free-choice task.

Connor Reid1, Lokman Wong, Jay Pratt

  • 1Faculty of Kinesiology & Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Journal of Motor Behavior
|June 8, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Social inhibition of return (S-IOR) shows longer reaction times when moving to a partner

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Social Neuroscience
  • Human-Computer Interaction

Background:

  • Social inhibition of return (S-IOR) describes slower reaction times (RTs) for movements toward a partner's previously attended location.
  • Prior research suggests inhibition of return (IOR) effects influence response selection, not just RTs, in individual tasks.
  • Understanding S-IOR's impact on response selection is crucial for social cognition research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether response selection biases observed in individual IOR tasks also occur in free-choice social inhibition of return (S-IOR) tasks.
  • To determine if participants avoid selecting responses directed towards locations recently contacted by a partner.
  • To explore the underlying cognitive processes shared between individual IOR and S-IOR.

Main Methods:

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A Task for Assessing the Impact of a Partner on the Speed and Accuracy of Motor Performance in Rats
06:17

A Task for Assessing the Impact of a Partner on the Speed and Accuracy of Motor Performance in Rats

Published on: October 17, 2019

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Last Updated: May 10, 2026

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies
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The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: August 25, 2023

Online Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Dorsomedial and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Cognition Decision Making, and Cognitive Dissonance
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Online Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Dorsomedial and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Cognition Decision Making, and Cognitive Dissonance

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A Task for Assessing the Impact of a Partner on the Speed and Accuracy of Motor Performance in Rats
06:17

A Task for Assessing the Impact of a Partner on the Speed and Accuracy of Motor Performance in Rats

Published on: October 17, 2019

  • A free-choice task was designed to observe participants' movement choices in response to a partner's actions.
  • Participants' movement selections were recorded to analyze response biases.
  • The study compared response patterns in a social context to established individual IOR findings.

Main Results:

  • Participants demonstrated a bias against moving to locations previously contacted by their partner.
  • This avoidance pattern in free-choice S-IOR tasks mirrors biases found in individual response selection.
  • The findings indicate that response selection is influenced by social cues in a manner similar to individual attentional processes.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides evidence that social inhibition of return (S-IOR) affects response selection, similar to individual inhibition of return (IOR).
  • Shared underlying processes may govern both individual and social attentional biases.
  • These findings contribute to understanding how social interactions modulate cognitive processes like response selection.