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Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Studying Left Ventricular Reverse Remodeling by Aortic Debanding in Rodents
07:26

Studying Left Ventricular Reverse Remodeling by Aortic Debanding in Rodents

Published on: July 14, 2021

Age- and gender-dependent left ventricular remodeling.

Catherine Gebhard1, Barbara E Stähli, Caroline E Gebhard

  • 1Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.

Echocardiography (Mount Kisco, N.Y.)
|June 8, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Left ventricular muscle mass index and systolic function increase with age, especially in females, while volume decreases. These findings reveal lifelong left ventricular remodeling in adults.

Keywords:
echocardiographyelderlyleft ventricular ejection fractionleft ventricular functionleft ventricular remodelingleft ventricular volume

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07:13

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Published on: April 30, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Echocardiography
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • The impact of aging and sex on cardiac structure and function is crucial for understanding cardiovascular health.
  • Previous research has not comprehensively analyzed age- and gender-related changes in left ventricular (LV) parameters using large-scale echocardiographic data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of age and gender on left ventricular (LV) size, muscle mass, and systolic function.
  • To analyze normative echocardiographic data from a large population to establish age- and gender-specific reference ranges.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of transthoracic two-dimensional echocardiography studies from 5307 subjects (47% males).
  • Comparison of LV end-diastolic volume index (LVEDVI), LV muscle mass index (LVMMI), LV ejection fraction (LVEF), and LV fractional shortening (LVFS) across different age groups.

Main Results:

  • LV muscle mass index (LVMMI) and systolic function (LVEF, LVFS) increased with age in both genders, with a more pronounced increase in LVEF in females.
  • Left ventricular end-diastolic volume index (LVEDVI) decreased with age in both males and females.
  • Significant age-related changes were observed across all measured parameters (P < 0.0001).

Conclusions:

  • Left ventricular muscle mass and systolic function parameters (LVEF, LVFS) show an age-dependent increase, particularly in females.
  • Left ventricular end-diastolic volume index (LVEDVI) demonstrates an age-dependent decrease.
  • The study highlights continuous left ventricular remodeling throughout adulthood, influenced by both age and gender.