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Long-term Potentiation

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
LTP can occur when presynaptic neurons...

Long-term Depression

Long-term Depression

Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Calcium Ion Concentration Mechanism
If over time, all...

Long-term Depression

Long-term Depression

Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.

Neuroplasticity

Neuroplasticity

Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.

Role of Neurotransmitters in Memory

Role of Neurotransmitters in Memory

Neurotransmitters are integral to the brain's communication system, enabling neurons to transmit signals across synapses. This chemical exchange underpins various cognitive functions, including memory processes. The role of neurotransmitters in memory is multifaceted, influencing the encoding, consolidation, and retrieval of memories through their action on different neural circuits.
Glutamate and Synaptic Plasticity
Glutamate, the brain's main excitatory neurotransmitter, is critical for...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Acquisition of a High-precision Skilled Forelimb Reaching Task in Rats

Acquisition of a High-precision Skilled Forelimb Reaching Task in Rats

Published on: June 22, 2015

The role of eEF2 pathway in learning and synaptic plasticity.

Elham Taha¹, Iness Gildish, Shunit Gal-Ben-Ari

¹Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Center for Gene Manipulation in the Brain, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel.

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory

|June 8, 2013

Summary

Protein synthesis is essential for memory consolidation. This study highlights the eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2) pathway

Keywords:

Elongation Learning Memory Protein synthesis Protein translation Synaptic plasticity

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Acquisition of a High-precision Skilled Forelimb Reaching Task in Rats

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Recording Synaptic Plasticity in Acute Hippocampal Slices Maintained in a Small-volume Recycling-, Perfusion-, and Submersion-type Chamber System

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Published on: June 23, 2022

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Molecular Biology
Cell Biology

Background:

Memory consolidation requires protein synthesis.
Synaptic plasticity and memory consolidation share molecular mechanisms.
Regulation of translation machinery is key to memory consolidation.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of the eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2) pathway in memory consolidation.
To explore the eEF2 pathway's regulation of protein synthesis and synaptic plasticity.

Main Methods:

Focus on the eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2) pathway.
Analysis of protein synthesis regulation at the elongation phase.

Main Results:

The eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2) pathway is a major regulator of protein synthesis.
This pathway significantly influences synaptic plasticity and memory consolidation processes.

Conclusions:

The eEF2 pathway plays a critical role in memory consolidation.
Regulation of protein synthesis elongation is crucial for learning and memory.