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Related Concept Videos

Unrealistic Optimism Bias01:30

Unrealistic Optimism Bias

Unrealistic optimism bias is the tendency to overestimate the likelihood of positive outcomes. This cognitive bias makes individuals believe they are less likely to experience failures, setbacks, or risks and more likely to succeed than others. For example, people may assume they are less prone to health issues, accidents, or financial struggles than their peers, even when they share similar risk factors.One key component of this bias is the above-average effect, where individuals perceive...
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In order to make good decisions, we use our knowledge and our reasoning. Often, this knowledge and reasoning is sound and solid. However, sometimes, we are swayed by biases or by others manipulating a situation. For example, let’s say you and three friends wanted to rent a house and had a combined target budget of $1,600. The realtor shows you only very run-down houses for $1,600 and then shows you a very nice house for $2,000. Might you ask each person to pay more in rent to get the $2,000...
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Rolling resistance, also known as rolling friction, is the force that resists the motion of a rolling object, such as a wheel, tire, or ball, when it moves over a surface. It is caused by the deformation of the object and the surface in contact with each other, as well as other factors like internal friction, hysteresis, and energy losses within the materials. Rolling resistance opposes the object's motion, requiring additional energy to overcome it and maintain movement. In practical...
Hindsight Biases01:12

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Hindsight bias leads you to believe that the event you just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasn’t. In other words, you knew all along that things would turn out the way they did. Can you relate this to the phrase "Hindsight is 20/20" now?
Motivational Bias01:25

Motivational Bias

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Proportional-Derivative (PD) control is a widely used control method in various engineering systems to enhance stability and performance. In a system with only proportional control, common issues include high maximum overshoot and oscillation, observed in both the error signal and its rate of change. This behavior can be divided into three distinct phases: initial overshoot, subsequent undershoot, and gradual stabilization.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Tactile Vibrating Toolkit and Driving Simulation Platform for Driving-Related Research
07:15

Tactile Vibrating Toolkit and Driving Simulation Platform for Driving-Related Research

Published on: December 18, 2020

Debiasing overoptimistic beliefs about braking capacity.

Ola Svenson1, Gabriella Eriksson, C K Mertz

  • 1Decision Research, Eugene, OR 97 401, USA.

Accident; Analysis and Prevention
|June 8, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Providing drivers with information about reaction time distance significantly improved their speed judgments. Adding braking distance information did not further enhance this effect, suggesting a focus on reaction time is key for reducing overoptimism.

Keywords:
DebiasingFeedbackImpact speedSpeed judgmentStopping distanceTeaching strategies

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09:34

Implementation of Portable Emissions Measurement Systems (PEMS) for the Real-driving Emissions (RDE) Regulation in Europe

Published on: December 4, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Human Factors
  • Traffic Safety

Background:

  • Driver overoptimism regarding speed and stopping distances is a significant safety concern.
  • Understanding how to mitigate this overconfidence is crucial for improving road safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate strategies for reducing drivers' overoptimism about their ability to decrease speed.
  • To compare the effectiveness of different informational interventions on collision speed judgments.

Main Methods:

  • Four groups of drivers (one control, three learning) made collision speed judgments.
  • Learning groups received varying information: reaction time distance, reaction time distance plus feedback, or reaction time distance plus braking distance and feedback.
  • Questionnaires were used to assess drivers' perceptions and judgments.

Main Results:

  • Performance in collision speed judgments improved in the order: control, group 1, group 3, and group 2.
  • Information about the distance traveled during a driver's reaction time improved judgments.
  • Adding braking distance information did not yield additional improvement over reaction time information.

Conclusions:

  • Educating drivers on the distance covered during their reaction time is an effective method to improve speed judgments.
  • Interventions focusing on reaction time distance are more impactful than those including braking distance for this specific cognitive bias.